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QT常见布局器使用

news 2025/7/30 0:08:29

布局简介

为什么要布局？通过布局拖动不影响鼠标拖动窗口的效果等优点.QT设计器布局比较固定，不方便后期修改和维护；在Qt里面布局分为四个大类：

盒子布局：QBoxLayout

网格布局：QGridLayout

表单布局：QFormLayout

抽屉布局：QStackedLayout

QBoxLayout

一般使用它的两个子类QHBoxLayout 和 QVBoxLayout 负责水平和垂直布局

垂直布局示例：

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent)
{QWidget* w=new QWidget;setCentralWidget(w);//注意MainWindow不能直接进行布局QVBoxLayout* vlayout=new QVBoxLayout;QPushButton* b1=new QPushButton("b1");QPushButton* b2=new QPushButton("b2");QPushButton* b3=new QPushButton("b3");vlayout->addWidget(b1);vlayout->addStretch(1);//增加一个伸缩量vlayout->addWidget(b2);vlayout->addStretch(1);//增加一个伸缩量vlayout->addWidget(b3);vlayout->addStretch(2);//增加一个伸缩量centralWidget()->setLayout(vlayout);this->resize(300, 300);
}

水平布局示例：

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent)
{this->setWindowTitle("水平布局");QWidget* w=new QWidget;setCentralWidget(w);QHBoxLayout* hlayout=new QHBoxLayout;QPushButton* b1=new QPushButton("b1");QPushButton* b2=new QPushButton("b2");QPushButton* b3=new QPushButton("b3");hlayout->addWidget(b1);hlayout->addStretch(1);//增加一个伸缩量hlayout->addWidget(b2);hlayout->addStretch(1);//增加一个伸缩量hlayout->addWidget(b3);hlayout->addStretch(2);//增加一个伸缩量centralWidget()->setLayout(hlayout);this->resize(300, 300);
}

水平布局和垂直布局综合（可以结合QGroupBox容器进行布局）：

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QRadioButton>
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent)
{this->setWindowTitle("垂直布局");QWidget* w=new QWidget;setCentralWidget(w);QVBoxLayout* container=new QVBoxLayout;QGroupBox *hobby_box = new QGroupBox("爱好");QVBoxLayout* v_layout=new QVBoxLayout;QRadioButton* btn1 = new QRadioButton("抽烟");QRadioButton* btn2 = new QRadioButton("喝酒");QRadioButton* btn3 = new QRadioButton("玩乐");v_layout->addWidget(btn1);v_layout->addWidget(btn2);v_layout->addWidget(btn3);hobby_box->setLayout(v_layout);QGroupBox* gender_box = new QGroupBox("性别");QHBoxLayout* h_layout = new QHBoxLayout();QRadioButton* btn4 =  new QRadioButton("男");QRadioButton* btn5 = new QRadioButton("女");h_layout->addWidget(btn4);h_layout->addWidget(btn5);gender_box->setLayout(h_layout);container->addWidget(hobby_box);container->addWidget(gender_box);centralWidget()->setLayout(container);this->resize(300, 300);
}

QGridLayout

网格布局，有的人称之为九宫格布局；示例如下：

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QRadioButton>
#include <QStringList>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QGridLayout>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent)
{this->setWindowTitle("网格布局");QWidget* w=new QWidget;setCentralWidget(w);QVBoxLayout* container=new QVBoxLayout;QPushButton* m_buttons[20];const char* btnText[20] ={"7", "8", "9", "+", "(","4", "5", "6", "-", ")","1", "2", "3", "*", "<-","0", ".", "=", "/", "C"};QLineEdit* edit = new QLineEdit();edit->setPlaceholderText("请输入内容");QGridLayout* grid = new QGridLayout();int line_number = 0;int col_number = 0;for(line_number = 0;line_number < 4;line_number++){// 此时line_number是第几行for(col_number = 0;col_number < 5;col_number++){// 此时col_number是第几列m_buttons[line_number*5 + col_number] = new QPushButton();m_buttons[line_number*5 + col_number]->setText(btnText[line_number*5 + col_number]);grid->addWidget(m_buttons[line_number*5 + col_number], line_number, col_number);}}container->addWidget(edit);container->addLayout(grid);centralWidget()->setLayout(container);this->resize(300, 300);
}