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nginx的location规则与其他功能

news 2025/8/17 20:52:54

1. nginx中location规则：

规则	描述
~	表示执行一个正则匹配，区分大小写
~*	表示执行一个正则匹配，不区分大小写
^~	表示普通字符匹配，如果该选项匹配，只匹配该选项，不匹配别的选项，一般用来匹配目录
=	进行普通字符精确匹配
@	定义一个命名的 location，使用在内部定向时，例如 error_page, try_files

~和~*同时存在的时候，从上往下进行匹配

~和^~同时存在的时候，优先是^~

=匹配的优先级别最高

@使用场景：

laravel的伪静态和swoole假设laravel框架，进行反向代理的时候会用到这个，还有异常处理转向操作

2. nginx的rewrite指令

www.baidu.com/abc => www.aliyun.com/bcd

Rewrite是nginx服务器提供的一个重要基本功能，在Web服务器产品中几乎是必备的

功能，主要用于实现URL的重写。

URL的重写能让我们在改变网站结构后，无需要求客户端用户修改原来的书签，也无

需其他网站修改对我们网站的链接地址，能够提高网站的安全性

rewrite指令通过正则表达式的使用来改变URI。可以同时存在一个或者多个指令，

按照顺序依次对URL进行配置和处理

参数：

regex ：用于匹配URI的正则表达式。

replacement：匹配成功后用于替换URI中截取内容的字符串

flag：用来设置rewrite对URI的处理行为

rewrite ^/abc /index.php redirect; #临时重定向 301
rewrite ^/bcd  /index.php permanent; #永久重定向 302

查阅nginx中重定向break的使用

user  www www;
worker_processes auto;
error_log  logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events{use epoll;worker_connections 51200;multi_accept on;}http{include       mime.types;lua_package_path "/www/server/luaJIT/lib/lua/?.lua";include proxy.conf;default_type  application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 512;client_header_buffer_size 32k;large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;client_max_body_size 50m;sendfile   on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 60;tcp_nodelay on;fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 300;fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;fastcgi_intercept_errors on;gzip on;gzip_min_length  1k;gzip_buffers     4 16k;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 2;gzip_types     text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/css application/xml;gzip_vary on;gzip_proxied   expired no-cache no-store private auth;gzip_disable   "MSIE [1-6]\.";limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m;limit_conn_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m;server_tokens off;access_log off;server{listen 888;server_name phpmyadmin;index index.html index.htm index.php;root  /www/server/phpmyadmin;location ~ /tmp/ {return 403;}#include enable-php.conf;location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${expires      30d;}location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${expires      12h;}location ~ /\.{deny all;}access_log  logs/access.log;}include /www/server/nginx/vhost/*.conf;
}# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/mime.types:types {text/html                                        html htm shtml;text/css                                         css;text/xml                                         xml;image/gif                                        gif;image/jpeg                                       jpeg jpg;application/javascript                           js;application/atom+xml                             atom;application/rss+xml                              rss;text/mathml                                      mml;text/plain                                       txt;text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor                 jad;text/vnd.wap.wml                                 wml;text/x-component                                 htc;image/png                                        png;image/svg+xml                                    svg svgz;image/tiff                                       tif tiff;image/vnd.wap.wbmp                               wbmp;image/webp                                       webp;image/x-icon                                     ico;image/x-jng                                      jng;image/x-ms-bmp                                   bmp;font/woff                                        woff;font/woff2                                       woff2;application/java-archive                         jar war ear;application/json                                 json;application/mac-binhex40                         hqx;application/msword                               doc;application/pdf                                  pdf;application/postscript                           ps eps ai;application/rtf                                  rtf;application/vnd.apple.mpegurl                    m3u8;application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml             kml;application/vnd.google-earth.kmz                 kmz;application/vnd.ms-excel                         xls;application/vnd.ms-fontobject                    eot;application/vnd.ms-powerpoint                    ppt;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics      odg;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation  odp;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet   ods;application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text          odt;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentationpptx;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheetxlsx;application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documentdocx;application/vnd.wap.wmlc                         wmlc;application/x-7z-compressed                      7z;application/x-cocoa                              cco;application/x-java-archive-diff                  jardiff;application/x-java-jnlp-file                     jnlp;application/x-makeself                           run;application/x-perl                               pl pm;application/x-pilot                              prc pdb;application/x-rar-compressed                     rar;application/x-redhat-package-manager             rpm;application/x-sea                                sea;application/x-shockwave-flash                    swf;application/x-stuffit                            sit;application/x-tcl                                tcl tk;application/x-x509-ca-cert                       der pem crt;application/x-xpinstall                          xpi;application/xhtml+xml                            xhtml;application/xspf+xml                             xspf;application/zip                                  zip;application/octet-stream                         bin exe dll;application/octet-stream                         deb;application/octet-stream                         dmg;application/octet-stream                         iso img;application/octet-stream                         msi msp msm;audio/midi                                       mid midi kar;audio/mpeg                                       mp3;audio/ogg                                        ogg;audio/x-m4a                                      m4a;audio/x-realaudio                                ra;video/3gpp                                       3gpp 3gp;video/mp2t                                       ts;video/mp4                                        mp4;video/mpeg                                       mpeg mpg;video/quicktime                                  mov;video/webm                                       webm;video/x-flv                                      flv;video/x-m4v                                      m4v;video/x-mng                                      mng;video/x-ms-asf                                   asx asf;video/x-ms-wmv                                   wmv;video/x-msvideo                                  avi;
}# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/proxy.conf:
proxy_temp_path /www/server/nginx/proxy_temp_dir;
proxy_cache_path /www/server/nginx/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:20m inactive=1d max_size=5g;
client_body_buffer_size 512k;
proxy_connect_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 32k;
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_cache cache_one;# configuration file /www/server/nginx/vhost/localhost.conf:
server
{listen 80;server_name 127.0.0.1;root /www/wwwroot/nginx1;index index.php index.html;location ^~ /abc {proxy_cache cache_one;proxy_pass http://yuxiaodong.club/;proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;proxy_cache_valid any 10m;proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;}location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$){try_files $uri =404;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fastcgi.conf;include pathinfo.conf;}
}# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf:fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_SCHEME     $scheme;
fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;# configuration file /www/server/nginx/conf/pathinfo.conf:
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {set $real_script_name $1;set $path_info $2;}
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;# configuration file /www/server/nginx/vhost/yuxiaodong.conf:
server
{listen 80;server_name yuxiaodong.club;root /www/wwwroot/blog-web;index index.php index.html;default_type text/html;location ^~ /abc {rewrite ^/abc /index.php redirect; # 临时重定向}location ^~ /bcd {rewrite ^/bcd /index.php permanent; #永久重定向}location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${expires      10s;}location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$){try_files $uri =404;fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fastcgi.conf;include pathinfo.conf;}error_log /www/server/nginx/logs/yuxiaodong_error.log;
}此配置属于nginx -T输出,仅作为参考,不能直接复制,

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