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【SpringBoot】-- 实现本地文件/图片上传到服务器生成url地址

news 2025/8/5 2:13:26

在java项目中你可能会有以下需求：用户上传本地图片，然后展示在网页上。本篇文章将使用阿里云oss实现上传图片到oss，oss生成url。

一、准备工作

首先进入阿里云，按如下操作

进入创建页面，修改读写权限为公共读

然后进入bucket，创建AccessKey

创建后，保存好AccessKeyID和AccessKey Secret

二、代码

将以下依赖添加到项目的pom.xml文件中

<dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.15.1</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId><version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>javax.activation</groupId><artifactId>activation</artifactId><version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- no more than 2.3.3-->
<dependency><groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId><artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId><version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>

创建一个工具类，用于配置aliyunoss

添加以下代码：（注意修改）

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;public class AliOssUtil {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。private static final String ENPOINT = "地区";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
//        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();private static final String ACCESS_KEY_ID="你的ID";private static final String ACCESS_KEY_SECRT="KEY";// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。private static final String BUCKETNAME = "你的bucket名称";public static String uploadFile(String objectName, InputStream in) throws Exception {// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(ENPOINT,ACCESS_KEY_ID,ACCESS_KEY_SECRT);String url = "";try {// 填写字符串。String content = "Hello OSS，你好世界";// 创建PutObjectRequest对象。PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(BUCKETNAME, objectName,in);// 如果需要上传时设置存储类型和访问权限，请参考以下示例代码。// ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();// metadata.setHeader(OSSHeaders.OSS_STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());// metadata.setObjectAcl(CannedAccessControlList.Private);// putObjectRequest.setMetadata(metadata);// 上传字符串。PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);//url组成:http://bucket名称.区域节点url = "https://" + BUCKETNAME + "." + ENPOINT.substring(ENPOINT.lastIndexOf("/")+1)+"/"+objectName;} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}return url;}
}

然后在控制类中使用

@RestController
public class FileUploadController {@PostMapping("/upload")public Result<String> upload(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();//保证文件名字唯一，防止文件覆盖String filename = UUID.randomUUID().toString()+originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));String url = AliOssUtil.uploadFile(filename,file.getInputStream());return Result.success(url);}}