当前位置：首页 > news >正文

ElasticSearch索引数据备份与恢复

news 2025/9/16 13:49:54

索引数据备份

在磁盘创建备份目录并授权

# 创建备份目录
/home/esbackup
# 授权
chmod 777 /home/esbackup

修改配置文件elasticsearch.yml

echo 'path.repo: ["/home/esbackup"]' >> /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

重启elasticsearch(我是docker创建的，所以上述两条命令在docker中执行，可提前挂载)

docker restart elasticsearch

打开kibana控制台-开发者选项

新建备份仓库

PUT _snapshot/esbackup 
{"type": "fs", "settings": {"location": "/home/esbackup" }
}

查看备份仓库

GET _snapshot

备份置顶索引

snapshot_20230223这个名随便起，一般以时间为名

# 备份指定索引
PUT _snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223
{"indices": "索引名"
}

查看备份情况

# 查看备份情况
GET _snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223/_status
GET _snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223

成功标志

索引数据恢复

删除之前的索引

DELETE /索引名

从备份过的快照恢复

POST /_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20230223/_restore

查看恢复状态，状态码返回200即可

GET _recovery
GET 索引名/_recovery

删除指定快照

DELETE _snapshot/esbackup/快照名

每日备份的shell脚本，供参考

#!/bin/bash# 执行快照备份
time=$(date "+%Y%m%d")
logfile="/tmp/esbacklogs/"${time}".log"curl -s -u elastic:changme -XPUT "http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_"${time} -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"indices": "test_index, test_index2"
}'# 快照备份需要一定时间，60s后检查备份情况
sleep 60echo ""
curl -s -u elastic:changme -XGET "http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_"${time} | grep "SUCCESS" >> $logfileif [ $? -eq 0 ]
thenecho "backup elasticsearch success" >> $logfile
elseecho "backup elasticsearch fail" >> $logfile
fi
echo ""# 删除10天前的快照
delete_time=$(date "+%Y%m%d" -d " -10 day")
curl -s -u elastic:changme -XDELETE "http://127.0.0.1:9200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_"${delete_time} >> $logfile