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飞天使-k8s知识点22-kubernetes实操7-ingress

news 2025/9/18 9:35:45

文章目录

- - ingress
  - - 环境准备
    - - 准备service和pod
      - 验证效果
    - https 代理
    - - 效果

ingress

在 Kubernetes 中，Ingress 是一种 API 对象，它管理外部访问集群内部服务的规则。你可以将其视为一个入口，它可以将来自集群外部的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 路由到集群内部的服务。
实际上，Ingress相当于一个7层的负载均衡器，是kubernetes对反向代理的一个抽象，它的工作原理类似于Nginx，可以理解成在Ingress里建立诸多映射规则，Ingress Controller通过监听这些配置规则并转化成Nginx的反向代理配置 , 然后对外部提供服务。在这里有两个核心概念：用户编写Ingress规则，说明哪个域名对应kubernetes集群中的哪个Service
Ingress控制器动态感知Ingress服务规则的变化，然后生成一段对应的Nginx反向代理配置
Ingress控制器会将生成的Nginx配置写入到一个运行着的Nginx服务中，并动态更新
到此为止，其实真正在工作的就是一个Nginx了，内部配置了用户定义的请求转发规则

概念理解
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环境准备

# 创建文件夹
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir ingress-controller
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd ingress-controller/# 获取ingress-nginx，本次案例使用的是0.30版本
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml# 修改mandatory.yaml文件中的仓库
# 修改quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
# 为quay-mirror.qiniu.com/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
# 创建ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# kubectl apply -f ./# 查看ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-ingress-controller-fbf967dd5-4qpbp   1/1     Running   0          12h# 查看service
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.98.75.163   <none>        80:32240/TCP,443:31335/TCP   11h

准备service和pod

tomcat-nginx.yaml

 apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: nginx-deploymentnamespace: dev
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-podtemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginx-podspec:containers:- name: nginximage: nginx:1.17.1ports:- containerPort: 80---apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: tomcat-deploymentnamespace: dev
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: tomcat-podtemplate:metadata:labels:app: tomcat-podspec:containers:- name: tomcatimage: tomcat:8.5-jre10-slimports:- containerPort: 8080---apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: nginx-servicenamespace: dev
spec:selector:app: nginx-podclusterIP: Nonetype: ClusterIPports:- port: 80targetPort: 80---apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: tomcat-servicenamespace: dev
spec:selector:app: tomcat-podclusterIP: Nonetype: ClusterIPports:- port: 8080targetPort: 8080

# 创建
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f tomcat-nginx.yaml# 查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get svc -n dev
NAME             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
nginx-service    ClusterIP   None         <none>        80/TCP     48s
tomcat-service   ClusterIP   None         <none>        8080/TCP   48s

创建ingress-http.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: ingress-httpnamespace: dev
spec:rules:- host: nginx.itheima.comhttp:paths:- path: /backend:serviceName: nginx-serviceservicePort: 80- host: tomcat.itheima.comhttp:paths:- path: /backend:serviceName: tomcat-serviceservicePort: 8080# 创建
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f ingress-http.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-http created# 查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ing ingress-http -n dev
NAME           HOSTS                                  ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
ingress-http   nginx.itheima.com,tomcat.itheima.com             80      22s# 查看详情
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe ing ingress-http  -n dev
...
Rules:
Host                Path  Backends
----                ----  --------
nginx.itheima.com   / nginx-service:80 (10.244.1.96:80,10.244.1.97:80,10.244.2.112:80)
tomcat.itheima.com  / tomcat-service:8080(10.244.1.94:8080,10.244.1.95:8080,10.244.2.111:8080)
...# 接下来,在本地电脑上配置host文件,解析上面的两个域名到192.168.109.100(master)上
# 然后,就可以分别访问tomcat.itheima.com:32240  和  nginx.itheima.com:32240 查看效果了

验证效果

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https 代理

创建证书

# 生成证书
openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=nginx/CN=itheima.com"# 创建密钥
kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt

创建ingress-https.yaml


apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: ingress-httpsnamespace: dev
spec:tls:- hosts:- nginx.itheima.com- tomcat.itheima.comsecretName: tls-secret # 指定秘钥rules:- host: nginx.itheima.comhttp:paths:- pathType: Prefixpath: "/"backend:service:name: nginx-serviceport:number: 80- host: tomcat.itheima.comhttp:paths:- pathType: Prefixpath: "/"backend:service:name: tomcat-serviceport:number: 8080

# 创建
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f ingress-https.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-https created# 查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ing ingress-https -n dev
NAME            HOSTS                                  ADDRESS         PORTS     AGE
ingress-https   nginx.itheima.com,tomcat.itheima.com   10.104.184.38   80, 443   2m42s# 查看详情
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe ing ingress-https -n dev
...
TLS:tls-secret terminates nginx.itheima.com,tomcat.itheima.com
Rules:
Host              Path Backends
----              ---- --------
nginx.itheima.com  /  nginx-service:80 (10.244.1.97:80,10.244.1.98:80,10.244.2.119:80)
tomcat.itheima.com /  tomcat-service:8080(10.244.1.99:8080,10.244.2.117:8080,10.244.2.120:8080)
...# 下面可以通过浏览器访问https://nginx.itheima.com:31335 和 https://tomcat.itheima.com:31335来查看了

效果

查看映射到公网端口

[root@kubeadm-master1 ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.200.234.128   <none>        80:31929/TCP,443:32744/TCP   69m

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