当前位置：首页 > news >正文

基于spring boot实现邮箱发送和邮箱验证

news 2025/7/26 8:54:45

一、邮箱发送实现

1. 开通邮箱服务

使用qq邮箱、163邮箱都行，其他有邮箱服务功能的都可以，这里以163邮箱为例

登录163邮箱，然后在设置那里选择POP3/SMTP/IMAP

在这里插入图片描述

开通IMAP/SMTP服务

在这里插入图片描述

开通后会有个授权码，记录下来，后面需要用到

在这里插入图片描述

2. 添加邮箱依赖

添加pom文件

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

3.添加配置

host是开通smtp时会有个地址的

username填的是邮箱账号

password填的是刚才上面开通smtp的授权码，请注意不是邮箱密码，是授权码

注：

1.配置里面有个port的配置是默认端口，尽量不要自己去设置，不然可能会无法访问，以下配置是没有port的

2.配置错误可以尝试把注释去掉，因为有可能会因为复制过去的编码问题影响

spring:mail:host: smtp.163.com # smtp地址，开通的时候会显示username: xxxxx@163.com # 你的邮箱账号password: ****** # 你的邮箱授权码properties:mail:smtp:auth: truestarttls:enable: trueprotocol: smtp

4.添加邮箱通用类

这里是用了hutools的工具和lombok的Slf4j日志，视情况而添加

<!-- 工具类 -->
<dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId><version>5.8.2</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.4</version><scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

@Service
@Slf4j
public class EmailService {@Autowiredprivate JavaMailSender mailSender;@Value("${spring.mail.username}")private String username;/*** 发送文本邮件** @param to      收件人地址* @param subject 邮件主题* @param content 邮件内容* @param cc      抄送地址*/public  void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) {SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();message.setFrom(username);message.setTo(to);message.setSubject(subject);message.setText(content);if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {message.setCc(cc);}mailSender.send(message);}/*** 发送HTML邮件** @param to      收件人地址* @param subject 邮件主题* @param content 邮件内容* @param cc      抄送地址*/public  void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) {try {MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true,"UTF-8");helper.setFrom(username);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(subject);helper.setText(content, true);if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {helper.setCc(cc);}mailSender.send(message);} catch (MessagingException e) {log.error("发送邮件失败,收件人:{}", to, e);}}/*** 发送带附件的邮件** @param to       收件人地址* @param subject  邮件主题* @param content  邮件内容* @param filePath 附件地址* @param cc       抄送地址*/public  void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath, String... cc) {try {MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true,"UTF-8");helper.setFrom(username);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(subject);helper.setText(content, true);if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {helper.setCc(cc);}FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);mailSender.send(message);} catch (MessagingException e) {log.error("发送邮件失败,收件人:{}", to, e);}}/*** 发送正文中有静态资源的邮件** @param to      收件人地址* @param subject 邮件主题* @param content 邮件内容* @param rscPath 静态资源地址* @param rscId   静态资源id* @param cc      抄送地址*/public  void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId, String... cc) {try {MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true,"UTF-8");helper.setFrom(username);helper.setTo(to);helper.setSubject(subject);helper.setText(content, true);if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {helper.setCc(cc);}FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));helper.addInline(rscId, res);mailSender.send(message);} catch (MessagingException e) {log.error("发送邮件失败,收件人:{}", to, e);}}
}

5. 测试类

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes={EmailServiceApplication.class, EmailServiceTest.class})
public class EmailServiceTest {@Resourceprivate EmailService emailService;@Testpublic void test(){emailService.sendSimpleMail("1191986647@qq.com","测试","测试");}
}

在这里插入图片描述

二、邮箱验证实现

实现验证需要使用redis，本章节不介绍如何使用redis，请自行搭建

1.添加依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency><!-- jedis连接 -->
<dependency><groupId>redis.clients</groupId><artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 添加配置

yaml配置

spring:redis:host: localhost # redis地址port: 6379database: 0  password: 123456 # 密码，无密码可不填

序列化配置，新建一个config包，并添加RedisConfig类

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {@Beanpublic StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate(factory);template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());template.setValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());return template;}
}

3.添加controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class VerificationController {@Autowiredprivate EmailService emailService;@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;@PostMapping("/sendCode")public String sendCode(@RequestParam String email) {// 生成验证码String code = String.valueOf((int)((Math.random() * 9 + 1) * 100000));emailService.sendHtmlMail(email, "【邮箱验证码】欢迎使用xxx系统", "<p>您的邮箱验证码是:<p><p style=\" font-weight: bold;text-align: center;color: red;\">"+code+"</p>" );// 存储验证码到 Redis，设置过期时间为 5 分钟ValueOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();redisTemplate.delete(email);ops.set(email, code, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);return "验证码已发送";}@PostMapping("/verifyCode")public String verifyCode(@RequestParam String email, @RequestParam String code) {// 从 Redis 获取验证码ValueOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();String storedCode = ops.get(email);if (storedCode != null && storedCode.equals(code)) {redisTemplate.delete(email);return "邮箱验证成功";} else {return "验证码错误或者已失效";}}
}