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Android13音频录制适配

news 2025/6/28 8:58:40

Android13音频录制适配

前言：

之前写过一篇音频录制的文章，当时是在Android10以下的手机可以成功录制和播放，但是Android10及以上手机提示创建文件失败，最近做过Android13的适配，索性一起把之前的录音也适配了，记录一下适配的过程。

1.Manifest添加Android13文件读写适配：

<!--存储图像或者视频权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"android:maxSdkVersion="32" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" android:maxSdkVersion="32"/><!--录制音频权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES"/>

2.Android13文件读写权限请求：

private void requestBasicPermission() {final RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);StringBuilder rationaleSb = new StringBuilder();StringBuilder deniedSb = new StringBuilder();if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {permissions = new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO,Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO,Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES,Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,};} else {permissions = new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,};}rxPermissions.requestEach(permissions).subscribe(new Observer<Permission>() {@Overridepublic void onSubscribe(@NonNull Disposable d) {}@Overridepublic void onNext(@NonNull Permission permission) {if (permission.granted) {// 用户已经同意该权限Log.d(TAG, "权限：" + permission.name + " 已开启");} else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale) {// 用户拒绝了该权限，没有选中『不再询问』（Never ask again）,那么下次再次启动时。还会提示请求权限的对话框Log.d(TAG, "权限：" + permission.name + " 权限拒绝，但没有选中 不再询问");if (rationaleSb.toString().contains(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name))) {return;}rationaleSb.append(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name));rationaleSb.append("、");} else {// 用户拒绝了该权限，而且选中『不再询问』Log.d(TAG, "权限：" + permission.name + " 权限拒绝，并且选中 不再询问");if (deniedSb.toString().contains(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name))) {return;}deniedSb.append(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name));deniedSb.append("、");}}@Overridepublic void onError(@NonNull Throwable e) {Log.d(TAG, "permission  onError");}@Overridepublic void onComplete() {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rationaleSb) && TextUtils.isEmpty(deniedSb)) {Log.d(TAG, "permission.name ,权限已经允许");startAudioRecord();} else {if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(deniedSb)) {showTipDialog(deniedSb, 0);} else if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rationaleSb)) {showTipDialog(rationaleSb, 1);}}}});
}

在这里插入图片描述

3.权限请求弹框：

    private void showPermissionDialog(StringBuilder permissionName, int permissionType) {if (null != mPermissionDialog && mPermissionDialog.isShowing()) {mPermissionDialog.dismiss();mPermissionDialog = null;}if (0 == permissionType) {mPermissionDialog = new PermissionDialog(MainActivity.this,"请授权相关权限以确保相关功能能正常运行：" + permissionName.toString().substring(0, permissionName.length() - 1), PermissionDialog.BUTTON_RIGHT_FLAG,"确定", "知道了",null, this::startAudioRecord);mPermissionDialog.show();} else if (1 == permissionType) {mPermissionDialog = new PermissionDialog(MainActivity.this,"请授权相关权限以确保相关功能能正常运行：" + permissionName.toString().substring(0, permissionName.length() - 1), PermissionDialog.BUTTON_RIGHT_FLAG,"取消", "知道了",null, this::startAudioRecord);mPermissionDialog.show();}}

4.完整的权限请求dialog类：

package com.example.audiorecorddemo.dialog;import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.TextView;import com.example.audiorecorddemo.R;/*** 权限请求弹框*/
public class PermissionDialog extends Dialog implements View.OnClickListener {private TextView mTvTitle, mTvTip, mTvLeftBtn, mTvRightBtn;private View mLineTip;private Window mWindow;private String mTileStr, mTipStr;private int mBtnSelectType;private String mLeftStr, mRightStr;private DialogTipLeftClickListener mLeftClickListener;private DialogTipRightClickListener mRightClickListener;// 左右button显示public static final int BUTTON_BOTH_FLAG = 1;// 仅左button显示public static final int BUTTON_LEFT_FLAG = 2;// 仅右button显示public static final int BUTTON_RIGHT_FLAG = 3;private boolean needShowCheck = false;public PermissionDialog(Context context, String titleStr, String tipStr, int buttonType, String leftStr,String rightStr, DialogTipLeftClickListener leftClickListener,DialogTipRightClickListener rightClickListener) {super(context);mWindow = getWindow();mTileStr = titleStr;mTipStr = tipStr;mBtnSelectType = buttonType;mLeftStr = leftStr;mRightStr = rightStr;mLeftClickListener = leftClickListener;mRightClickListener = rightClickListener;}public PermissionDialog(Context context, String tipStr, int buttonType, String leftStr,String rightStr, DialogTipLeftClickListener leftClickListener,DialogTipRightClickListener rightClickListener) {this(context, "", tipStr, buttonType, leftStr, rightStr, leftClickListener, rightClickListener);}public PermissionDialog(Context context, String tipStr, String leftStr, String rightStr,DialogTipLeftClickListener leftClickListener,DialogTipRightClickListener rightClickListener) {this(context, "", tipStr, BUTTON_BOTH_FLAG, leftStr, rightStr, leftClickListener, rightClickListener);}public PermissionDialog(Context context, String tipStr, String rightStr,DialogTipLeftClickListener leftClickListener,DialogTipRightClickListener rightClickListener) {this(context, "", tipStr, BUTTON_BOTH_FLAG, "", rightStr, leftClickListener, rightClickListener);}public PermissionDialog(Context context, String tipStr, DialogTipLeftClickListener leftClickListener,DialogTipRightClickListener rightClickListener) {this(context, "", tipStr, BUTTON_BOTH_FLAG, "", "", leftClickListener, rightClickListener);}public PermissionDialog(Context context, String titleStr, String tipStr, int buttonType, String leftStr,String rightStr, DialogTipLeftClickListener leftClickListener,DialogTipRightClickListener rightClickListener, boolean needShowCheck) {this(context, titleStr, tipStr, buttonType, leftStr, rightStr, leftClickListener, rightClickListener);this.needShowCheck = needShowCheck;}@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.layout_permiss_dialog);setCancelable(false);initView();}private void initView() {mTvTitle = findViewById(R.id.tv_dialog_corner_title);mTvTip = findViewById(R.id.tv_dialog_corner_tip);mLineTip = findViewById(R.id.view_dialog_corner_line);mTvLeftBtn = findViewById(R.id.tv_dialog_corner_left);mTvRightBtn = findViewById(R.id.tv_dialog_corner_right);// 初始化监听initListener();// 初始化数据initData();}private void initData() {// titleif (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mTileStr)) {mTvTitle.setText(mTileStr);mTvTitle.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);} else {mTvTitle.setVisibility(View.GONE);}// 提示if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mTipStr)) {mTvTip.setText(mTipStr);mTvTip.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);} else {mTvTip.setVisibility(View.GONE);}// 左边按钮if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mLeftStr)) {mTvLeftBtn.setText(mLeftStr);}// 右边按钮if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mRightStr)) {mTvRightBtn.setText(mRightStr);}// 按钮状态setButtonSelect(mBtnSelectType);}private void initListener() {mTvLeftBtn.setOnClickListener(this);mTvRightBtn.setOnClickListener(this);}private void setButtonSelect(int selectType) {if (mTvLeftBtn == null || mTvRightBtn == null || mLineTip == null) {return;}switch (selectType) {case BUTTON_LEFT_FLAG:mTvLeftBtn.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);mTvRightBtn.setVisibility(View.GONE);mLineTip.setVisibility(View.GONE);break;case BUTTON_RIGHT_FLAG:mTvLeftBtn.setVisibility(View.GONE);mTvRightBtn.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);mLineTip.setVisibility(View.GONE);break;case BUTTON_BOTH_FLAG:default:mTvLeftBtn.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);mTvRightBtn.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);mLineTip.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);break;}}@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {int viewId = view.getId();if (R.id.tv_dialog_corner_left == viewId) {if (mLeftClickListener != null) {mLeftClickListener.onTipLeftClick();}if (isShowing()) {dismiss();}} else if (R.id.tv_dialog_corner_right == viewId) {if (mRightClickListener != null) {mRightClickListener.onTipRightClick();}if (isShowing()) {dismiss();}}}public interface DialogTipLeftClickListener {void onTipLeftClick();}public interface DialogTipRightClickListener {void onTipRightClick();}
}

5.文件管理类：

package com.example.audiorecorddemo.utils;import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;import com.example.audiorecorddemo.app.MyApp;import java.io.File;/*** @author: njb* @date: 2023/8/15 17:13* @desc:*/
public class FileManager {// 媒体模块根目录private static final String SAVE_MEDIA_ROOT_DIR = Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM;// 媒体模块存储路径private static final String SAVE_MEDIA_DIR = SAVE_MEDIA_ROOT_DIR + "/RecordManager";private static final String SAVE_MEDIA_PHOTO_DIR = SAVE_MEDIA_DIR + "/photo";private static final String SAVE_MEDIA_AUDIO_DIR = SAVE_MEDIA_DIR + "/audio";private static final String SAVE_MEDIA_VIDEO_DIR = SAVE_MEDIA_DIR + "/video";// JPG后缀public static final String JPG_SUFFIX = ".jpg";// PNG后缀public static final String PNG_SUFFIX = ".png";// MP4后缀public static final String MP4_SUFFIX = ".mp4";/*** 保存图片到系统相册** @param context* @param file*/public static String saveImage(Context context, File file) {ContentResolver localContentResolver = context.getContentResolver();ContentValues localContentValues = getImageContentValues(context, file, System.currentTimeMillis());localContentResolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, localContentValues);Intent localIntent = new Intent("android.intent.action.MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE");final Uri localUri = Uri.fromFile(file);localIntent.setData(localUri);context.sendBroadcast(localIntent);return file.getAbsolutePath();}public static ContentValues getImageContentValues(Context paramContext, File paramFile, long paramLong) {ContentValues localContentValues = new ContentValues();localContentValues.put("title", paramFile.getName());localContentValues.put("_display_name", paramFile.getName());localContentValues.put("mime_type", "image/jpeg");localContentValues.put("datetaken", Long.valueOf(paramLong));localContentValues.put("date_modified", Long.valueOf(paramLong));localContentValues.put("date_added", Long.valueOf(paramLong));localContentValues.put("orientation", Integer.valueOf(0));localContentValues.put("_data", paramFile.getAbsolutePath());localContentValues.put("_size", Long.valueOf(paramFile.length()));return localContentValues;}/*** 获取App存储根目录*/public static String getAppRootDir() {String path = getStorageRootDir();FileUtil.createOrExistsDir(path);return path;}/*** 获取文件存储根目录*/public static String getStorageRootDir() {File filePath = MyApp.getInstance().getExternalFilesDir("");String path;if (filePath != null) {path = filePath.getAbsolutePath();} else {path = MyApp.getInstance().getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();}return path;}/*** 图片地址*/public static String getCameraPhotoPath() {return getFolderDirPath(SAVE_MEDIA_PHOTO_DIR);}/*** 视频地址*/public static String getCameraVideoPath() {return getFolderDirPath(SAVE_MEDIA_VIDEO_DIR);}public static String getCameraAudioPath() {return getSaveDir(SAVE_MEDIA_AUDIO_DIR);}public static String getFolderDirPath(String dstDirPathToCreate) {File dstFileDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), dstDirPathToCreate);if (!dstFileDir.exists() && !dstFileDir.mkdirs()) {Log.e("Failed to create file", dstDirPathToCreate);return null;}return dstFileDir.getAbsolutePath();}/*** 获取具体模块存储目录*/public static String getSaveDir(@NonNull String directory) {String path = "";if (TextUtils.isEmpty(directory) || "/".equals(directory)) {path = "";} else if (directory.startsWith("/")) {path = directory;} else {path = "/" + directory;}path = getAppRootDir() + path;FileUtil.createOrExistsDir(path);return path;}
}

6.录音方法：

主要就是文件的生成和创建，由于Android10以后不能随意创建私有文件，所以生成的audio文件放到系统的DCIM、MUSIC、Download目录下，并且是项目自己包名下：

在这里插入图片描述

public void startRecord(WeakReference<Context> weakReference) {this.weakReference = weakReference;LogUtils.e(TAG, "开始录音");//生成PCM文件String fileName = DateFormat.format("yyyy-MMdd-HHmmss", Calendar.getInstance(Locale.getDefault())) + ".pcm";File file = new File(FileManager.getCameraAudioPath(), "/ACC音频/");if (!file.exists()) {file.mkdir();}String audioSaveDir = file.getAbsolutePath();LogUtils.e(TAG, audioSaveDir);recordFile = new File(audioSaveDir, fileName);LogUtils.e(TAG, "生成文件" + recordFile);//如果存在，就先删除再创建if (recordFile.exists()) {recordFile.delete();LogUtils.e(TAG, "删除文件");}try {recordFile.createNewFile();LogUtils.e(TAG, "创建文件");} catch (IOException e) {LogUtils.e(TAG, "未能创建");throw new IllegalStateException("未能创建" + recordFile.toString());}if (filePathList.size() == 2) {filePathList.clear();}filePathList.add(recordFile);try {//输出流OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(recordFile);BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(bos);int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding);if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(weakReference.get(), Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {return;}audioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, audioEncoding, bufferSize);short[] buffer = new short[bufferSize];audioRecord.startRecording();LogUtils.e(TAG, "开始录音");isRecording = true;while (isRecording) {int bufferReadResult = audioRecord.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);for (int i = 0; i < bufferReadResult; i++) {dos.writeShort(buffer[i]);}}audioRecord.stop();dos.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();LogUtils.e(TAG, "录音失败");showToast("录音失败");}
}

7.启动录音：

btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {buttonEnabled(false, true, true);startAudioRecord();}
});

8.停止录音:

btnStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {new Handler().post(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {buttonEnabled(true, true, false);mHandler.post(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止录音", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show());AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();}});}
});

9.开始播放：

btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().playPcm(true);buttonEnabled(false, false, true);}
});

10.完整的测试代码：

package com.example.audiorecorddemo;import android.Manifest;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import com.blankj.utilcode.util.LogUtils;
import com.example.audiorecorddemo.dialog.PermissionDialog;
import com.example.audiorecorddemo.utils.AudioManagerUtils;
import com.example.audiorecorddemo.utils.StringUtils;
import com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions3.Permission;
import com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions3.RxPermissions;import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Observer;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.disposables.Disposable;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private Button btnRecord, btnPlay, btnStop;ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 5,1, TimeUnit.MINUTES,new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10),Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());private String[] permissions = null;private PermissionDialog mPermissionDialog = null;/*** 被用户拒绝的权限列表*/private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST = 1001;private final String TAG = MainActivity.this.getClass().getSimpleName();private Handler mHandler = new Handler();@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);requestBasicPermission();initView();}private void requestBasicPermission() {final RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);StringBuilder rationaleSb = new StringBuilder();StringBuilder deniedSb = new StringBuilder();if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {permissions = new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO,Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO,Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES,Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,};} else {permissions = new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,};}rxPermissions.requestEach(permissions).subscribe(new Observer<Permission>() {@Overridepublic void onSubscribe(@NonNull Disposable d) {}@Overridepublic void onNext(@NonNull Permission permission) {if (permission.granted) {LogUtils.d(TAG, "权限：" + permission.name + " 已开启");} else if (permission.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale) {LogUtils.d(TAG, "权限：" + permission.name + " 权限拒绝，但没有选中 不再询问");if (rationaleSb.toString().contains(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name))) {return;}rationaleSb.append(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name));rationaleSb.append("、");} else {LogUtils.d(TAG, "权限：" + permission.name + " 权限拒绝，并且选中 不再询问");if (deniedSb.toString().contains(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name))) {return;}deniedSb.append(StringUtils.getPermissionName(MainActivity.this,permission.name));deniedSb.append("、");}}@Overridepublic void onError(@NonNull Throwable e) {LogUtils.d(TAG, "permission  onError");}@Overridepublic void onComplete() {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(rationaleSb) && TextUtils.isEmpty(deniedSb)) {LogUtils.d(TAG, "permission.name ,权限已经允许");startAudioRecord();} else {if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(deniedSb)) {showPermissionDialog(deniedSb, 0);} else if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(rationaleSb)) {showPermissionDialog(rationaleSb, 1);}}}});}private void showPermissionDialog(StringBuilder permissionName, int permissionType) {if (null != mPermissionDialog && mPermissionDialog.isShowing()) {mPermissionDialog.dismiss();mPermissionDialog = null;}if (0 == permissionType) {mPermissionDialog = new PermissionDialog(MainActivity.this,"请授权相关权限以确保相关功能能正常运行：" + permissionName.toString().substring(0, permissionName.length() - 1), PermissionDialog.BUTTON_RIGHT_FLAG,"确定", "知道了",null, this::startAudioRecord);mPermissionDialog.show();} else if (1 == permissionType) {mPermissionDialog = new PermissionDialog(MainActivity.this,"请授权相关权限以确保相关功能能正常运行：" + permissionName.toString().substring(0, permissionName.length() - 1), PermissionDialog.BUTTON_RIGHT_FLAG,"取消", "知道了",null, this::startAudioRecord);mPermissionDialog.show();}}private void initView() {btnRecord = findViewById(R.id.btn_record);btnPlay = findViewById(R.id.btn_play);btnStop = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);btnRecord.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {buttonEnabled(false, true, true);startAudioRecord();}});btnPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().playPcm(true);buttonEnabled(false, false, true);}});btnStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {new Handler().post(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {buttonEnabled(true, true, false);mHandler.post(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "停止录音", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show());AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();}});}});}private void startAudioRecord() {threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {mHandler.post(() -> Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "开始录音", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show());AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().startRecord(new WeakReference<>(getApplicationContext()));});}private void buttonEnabled(boolean record, boolean play, boolean stop) {btnRecord.setEnabled(record);btnPlay.setEnabled(play);btnStop.setEnabled(stop);}@Overrideprotected void onStop() {super.onStop();AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().pauseAudio();}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();AudioManagerUtils.getInstance().releaseAudio();}}

11.实现的效果如下：

在这里插入图片描述

12.总结：

  • 以上就是今天的内容，录制音频时适配Android13.
  • Android13文件读写细分为三个权限 READ_MEDIA_AUDIO、READ_MEDIA_VIDEO、READ_MEDIA_IMAGES.
  • Android10以上文件创建和生成需要在公共目录，不能随意创建和读写.

13.项目的源码地址：

https://gitee.com/jackning_admin/audio-record-demo-a

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