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虚拟化逻辑架构：OVS 交换机与端口管理

news 2025/8/8 19:12:23

目录

一、实验

1.OVS 交换机管理

2.OVS端口管理

二、问题

1.KVM下的br0和virbr0有何区别

2.OVS 虚拟交换机 与接口如何实现关联的创建和删除

3.两个ovs之间如何进行流量交互

4.虚拟网络如何和物理网络互联

一、实验

1.OVS 交换机管理

（1）查看网络信息

lo:本地回环接口

enp0s17 :  ubuntu系统识别到的物理网卡

virbr0/br1/virbr0-nic : linux bridge 网桥相关

root:~# ip add show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:d8:2a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.31.20/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s17valid_lft 42599sec preferred_lft 42599secinet6 fe80::f79a:6227:76ba:e22e/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:e1:3f:67:ea:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

（2）安装 openvswitch-switch

sudo apt-get install openvswitch-switch

（3）查看软件ID与软件版本

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edovs_version: "2.9.8"

（4）创建OVS 虚拟交换机

ovs-vsctl add-br br0

（5）查看openvswitch

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edBridge "br0"Port "br0"Interface "br0"type: internalovs_version: "2.9.8"

（6）删除OVS 虚拟交换机并查看

ovs-vsctl del-br br0

（7）再次查看openvswitch。显示已删除

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edovs_version: "2.9.8"

2.OVS端口管理

 （1）向br0 中添加 if01端口，并且绑定 if01接口，设置端口类型 internal类型

ovs-vsctl add-port br0 if01 -- set interface if01 type=internal

（2）将if01端口设置为access VLAN模式

ovs-vsctl set port if01 VLAN_mode=access

（3)查看openvswitch

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edBridge "br0"Port "if01"Interface "if01"type: internalPort "br0"Interface "br0"type: internalovs_version: "2.9.8"

（4）查看网络信息

已新增br0和if01

root:/# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:d8:2a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.31.20/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s17valid_lft 39205sec preferred_lft 39205secinet6 fe80::f79a:6227:76ba:e22e/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:e1:3f:67:ea:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: ovs-system: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:6f:7f:57:9f:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether ae:f5:0b:f1:b4:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
10: if01: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 96:1e:9c:4d:4d:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

(5)向br0 中添加 if02端口，并且绑定 if02接口，设置端口类型 internal类型

ovs-vsctl add-port br0 if02 -- set interface if02 type=internal

(6)查看openvswitch

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edBridge "br0"Port "if02"Interface "if02"type: internalPort "if01"Interface "if01"type: internalPort "br0"Interface "br0"type: internalovs_version: "2.9.8"

(7) 查看网络信息

root:/# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:d8:2a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.31.20/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s17valid_lft 39017sec preferred_lft 39017secinet6 fe80::f79a:6227:76ba:e22e/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:e1:3f:67:ea:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: ovs-system: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:6f:7f:57:9f:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether ae:f5:0b:f1:b4:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
10: if01: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 96:1e:9c:4d:4d:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: if02: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 66:c9:a7:75:d2:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

（8）删除名称为 br0的 ovs的if01端口

 ovs-vsctl del-port br0 if01

（9）查看openvswitch

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edBridge "br0"Port "if02"Interface "if02"type: internalPort "br0"Interface "br0"type: internalovs_version: "2.9.8"

（10）查看br0桥-OVS上的所有添加的port端口

root:/# ovs-vsctl list-ports br0
if02

（11）查看网络信息
显示端口if01已删除

root:/# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:d8:2a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.31.20/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s17valid_lft 38737sec preferred_lft 38737secinet6 fe80::f79a:6227:76ba:e22e/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:e1:3f:67:ea:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: ovs-system: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:6f:7f:57:9f:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether ae:f5:0b:f1:b4:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
11: if02: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 66:c9:a7:75:d2:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

（12）删除名称为 br0的 ovs的if02端口

 ovs-vsctl del-port br0 if02

（13）查看openvswitch

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edBridge "br0"Port "br0"Interface "br0"type: internalovs_version: "2.9.8"

（14）查看网络信息

root:/# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s17: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 08:00:27:d8:2a:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.31.20/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s17valid_lft 38698sec preferred_lft 38698secinet6 fe80::f79a:6227:76ba:e22e/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:e1:3f:67:ea:22 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:2f:20:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: ovs-system: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 3a:6f:7f:57:9f:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether ae:f5:0b:f1:b4:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

（15）删除名称为 br0的 ovs

ovs-vsctl del-br br0

（16）查看openvswitch

root:/# sudo ovs-vsctl show
e436b05b-210c-468a-9d94-fd63c6c419edovs_version: "2.9.8"

二、问题

1.KVM下的br0和virbr0有何区别

（1）KVM 的三种网络模式

桥接、仅主机、NAT

（2）区别

默认br0是桥接模式；

virbr0为NAT模式,它其实就是hypervisor的虚拟接口

2.OVS 虚拟交换机 与接口如何实现关联的创建和删除

（1）关联操作

#向br0 – OVS中添加 if01 端口，并且绑定  if01接口  ，设置端口类型 internal类型
ovs-vsctl add-port br0 if01   -- set interface  if01 type=internal#将if01 端口设置为 access VLAN模式
ovs-vsctl set port if01 VLAN_mode=access#查看br0桥-OVS上的所有添加的port端口ovs-vsctl  list-ports br0 # 在ovs – br0 删除掉if01端口 （接口也删除）
ovs-vsctl   del-port  br0 if01#为VM虚拟机配置IP地址
sudo ifconfig eth0 172.16.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0#查看br0的接口信息
ovs-ofctl show br0#查看br0的MAC地址表（VLAN信息）
ovs-appctl  fdb/show br0# 添加VLAN标记
ovs-vsctl  add port if01  tag 10  #将接口01划分到vlan10
ovs-vsctl  add port if02  tag 20  #将接口02划分到vlan20#删除VLAN标记
ovs-vsctl  remove port if01  tag 10  #将接口01划分到vlan10# 查看OVS数量-名称
ovs-vsctl list-br

3.两个ovs之间如何进行流量交互

（1）设置互联patch

#默认允许所有VLAN通过patch接口互联需要设置peer（对端）
ovs-vsctl add-port br0 patch-br0-br2 -- set interface patch-br0-br2 type=patch options:peer=patch-br2-br0ovs-vsctl add-port br2 patch-br2-br0 -- set interface patch-br2-br0 type=patch options:peer=patch-br0-br2

4.虚拟网络如何和物理网络互联

（1）添加上行链路

#将一个物理网卡作为OVS虚拟交换机的上行链路，一个网卡作为虚拟交换机的上行链路后，该网卡直接作为OVS的一个逻辑接口，衔接物理和虚拟网络
ovs-vsctl add port  br0 enp0s17   #将enp0s17物理网卡绑定到br0虚拟交换机，作为一个ovs中的一个接口ovs-ctl set port enp0s17 VLAN_mode=trunkovs-ctl set port enp0s17 trunk=10,20

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