数据库应用：MongoDB 数据备份与恢复
目录
一、实验
1.MongoDB 数据库备份与恢复
2.MongoDB 数据表备份与恢复
二、问题
1.MongoDB有哪些命令行工具实现数据备份与恢复
一、实验
1.MongoDB 数据库备份与恢复
（1）查看版本
root@node1:~# mongo --version
（2）准备测试数据，mongoDB终端下进行以下操作，插入200000条数据
use demo
fotmatnumber = (start, end)=>{num = Math.round(Math.random() * (end-start)) + startif(num<10){return "0"+num;}else{return num;}
}rand_title = (i)=>{num = Math.round( Math.random() * 10 );num1 = Math.round( Math.random() * 10 );return ["赠送礼品-"+num,"购物狂欢-"+num,"随便买买-"+num,"愉快购物-"+num,"赠送礼物-"+num,"商品购买-"+num,"买多送多-"+num,"买年货-"+num,"买买买买-"+num,"充值会员-"+num][num1];
}for(var i=0; i<200000; i++){ db.orders.insert({"onumber": ( "0000000000000000" + i ).substr( String(i).length ), "date": "20"+fotmatnumber(0,21)+"-"+fotmatnumber(1,12)+"-"+fotmatnumber(1,31), "title": rand_title(i),"user_id": parseInt(i/200)+1,"items" :[{ "goods_id" : parseInt(i/200)+1,"goods_attr" : i, "price" : 100.0},{ "goods_id" : parseInt(i/200)+2,"goods_attr" : i+1, "price" : 80.0}]})if(i%10000==0){print("已经添加了"+parseInt(i/10000)+"万条数据！");}
}
（2）查看demo数据库大小
root@node1:~# mongo
……
> show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
demo 0.010GB
local 0.000GB
> exit
bye
(3) 数据备份
root@node1:~# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d demo -o backup
（4）删除demo数据库
root@node1:~# mongo
……
> show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
demo 0.010GB
local 0.000GB
> use demo;
switched to db demo
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "demo", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
> exit
bye
（5）数据恢复
root@node1:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d demo --dir /root/backup/demo
（6）查看数据恢复情况
root@node1:~# mongo
……
> use dbs;
switched to db dbs
> show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
demo 0.009GB
local 0.000GB
2.MongoDB 数据表备份与恢复
（1）查询demo数据表的orders数据表文件（默认每次20个）
……
> use demo;
switched to db demo
> show tables;
orders
> db.orders.find()
（2）输入it遍历查询后20个文件
Type "it" for more
> it
（3）修改返回结果数据的单页显示数量为30条，默认20条
> DBQuery.shellBatchSize=30
30
（4）删除orders表中的多个文档 ，目前显示剩余190078条文档
> db.orders.deleteMany({"title":"买买买买-1"})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 2037 }
> db.orders.deleteMany({"title":"买买买买-3"})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 1988 }
> db.orders.deleteMany({"title":"买买买买-4"})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 2062 }
> db.orders.deleteMany({"title":"买买买买-5"})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 1902 }
> db.orders.deleteMany({"title":"买买买买-8"})
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 1933 }
> db.order.count()
0
> db.orders.count()
190078
> exit
bye
（5）数据进行恢复
--drop 恢复数据前，先删除MongoDB中的旧数据
root@node1:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d demo --dir /root/backup/demo --drop
2023-11-26T21:21:23.636-0800 The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2023-11-26T21:21:23.637-0800 building a list of collections to restore from /root/backup/demo dir
2023-11-26T21:21:23.637-0800 reading metadata for demo.orders from /root/backup/demo/orders.metadata.json
2023-11-26T21:21:23.638-0800 dropping collection demo.orders before restoring
2023-11-26T21:21:23.667-0800 restoring demo.orders from /root/backup/demo/orders.bson
2023-11-26T21:21:25.993-0800 finished restoring demo.orders (200000 documents, 0 failures)
2023-11-26T21:21:25.993-0800 no indexes to restore for collection demo.orders
2023-11-26T21:21:25.993-0800 200000 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
（6）查看恢复情况
root@node1:~# mongo
……
> use demo;
switched to db demo
> db.orders.count()
200000
> exit
bye
（7）数据导出
root@node1:~# mongoexport -d demo -c orders -o /root/backup/orders.json --type json
2023-11-26T21:24:52.113-0800 connected to: mongodb://localhost/
2023-11-26T21:24:53.117-0800 [##......................] demo.orders 24000/200000 (12.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:54.117-0800 [######..................] demo.orders 56000/200000 (28.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:55.116-0800 [########................] demo.orders 72000/200000 (36.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:56.116-0800 [############............] demo.orders 104000/200000 (52.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:57.117-0800 [################........] demo.orders 136000/200000 (68.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:58.117-0800 [####################....] demo.orders 168000/200000 (84.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:59.056-0800 [########################] demo.orders 200000/200000 (100.0%)
2023-11-26T21:24:59.056-0800 exported 200000 records
（8）查看导出文件，一共200000条
（9）删除数据表orders
root@node1:~/backup# mongo
……
> use demo;
switched to db demo
> show tables;
orders
> db.orders.drop()
true
> show tables;
> exit
bye
（10）导入数据进行恢复
root@node1:~/backup# mongoimport -d demo -c orders --file /root/backup/orders.json --type json
2023-11-26T21:29:06.494-0800 connected to: mongodb://localhost/
2023-11-26T21:29:09.495-0800 [########................] demo.orders 16.7MB/48.0MB (34.8%)
2023-11-26T21:29:12.495-0800 [################........] demo.orders 32.0MB/48.0MB (66.8%)
2023-11-26T21:29:15.311-0800 [########################] demo.orders 48.0MB/48.0MB (100.0%)
2023-11-26T21:29:15.311-0800 200000 document(s) imported successfully. 0 document(s) failed to import.
（11）查看恢复情况
root@node1:~/backup# mongo
……
> use demo
switched to db demo
> show tables;
orders
> db.orders.count()
200000
> exit
bye
二、问题
1.MongoDB有哪些命令行工具实现数据备份与恢复
（1）命令行工具
MongdoDB一共提供了4个命令行工具给我们对数据进行备份与恢复以及导入与导出数据。
（2）备份与恢复
备份与恢复操作的数据文件格式是bson格式，二进制
1）数据备份
mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory
# 例如：备份一个demo的数据库
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d demo -o /root/backup2)数据恢复
mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname --dir dbdirectory --drop
# 例如：恢复上面备份的demo数据库
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d demo --dir /root/backup/demo(3) 导入与导出
导入与导出数据的数据文件格式是json格式，文本格式
1） 数据导出
mongoexport -d dbname -c collectionname -o file --type json/csv -f field
# 例如：导出demo数据库的orders集合数据
mongoexport -d demo -c orders -o /root/backup/orders.json --type json2) 数据导入
mongoimport -d dbname -c collectionname --file filename --headerline --type json/csv -f field
# 例如：把上面导出的json中的数据，导入到demo数据库的orders集合中
mongoimport -d demo -c orders --file /order/backup/orders.json --type json