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Flutter 02 基础组件 Container、Text、Image、Icon、ListView

news 2025/7/7 1:38:15

一、Container容器组件：

demo1：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}// 容器组件
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Container(alignment: Alignment.center,height: 200,width: 200,decoration: const BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellow,),child: const Text("你好Flutter",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20),),),);}
}

demo2：

//代码块 importM
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}// 代码块  statelessW
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Container(alignment: Alignment.center,height: 200,width: 200,decoration:  BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellow,gradient: const LinearGradient(//LinearGradient 背景线性渐变   RadialGradient径向渐变colors: [Colors.red, Colors.orange],),boxShadow:const [//卡片阴影BoxShadow(color: Colors.blue,offset: Offset(2.0, 2.0),blurRadius: 10.0,)],border: Border.all(color: Colors.black,width: 1)),transform:Matrix4.rotationZ(0.2),child: const Text("你好Flutter",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20),),),);}
}

demo3：

//代码块 importM
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}// 代码块  statelessW
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(// child: Container(//   margin: EdgeInsets.all(20.0), //容器外补白//   color: Colors.orange,//   child: Text("Hello world !"),// ),// child: Container(//   padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0), //容器内补白//   color: Colors.orange,//   child: Text("Hello world !"),// ),child: Container(alignment: Alignment.center,height: 40,width: 200,decoration:  BoxDecoration(color: Colors.blue,borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15)),child: const Text("按钮",style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20),),),);}
}

二、Text组件详解：

demo1：

//代码块 importM
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}// 代码块  statelessW
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Container(alignment: Alignment.center,height: 200,width: 200,decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellow,gradient: const LinearGradient(//LinearGradient 背景线性渐变   RadialGradient径向渐变colors: [Colors.red, Colors.orange],),boxShadow: const [//卡片阴影BoxShadow(color: Colors.blue,offset: Offset(2.0, 2.0),blurRadius: 10.0,)],border: Border.all(color: Colors.black, width: 1)),transform: Matrix4.rotationZ(.2),child: const Text('各位同学大家好',textAlign: TextAlign.left,overflow: TextOverflow.ellipsis,// overflow:TextOverflow.fade ,maxLines: 2,textScaleFactor: 1.8,style: TextStyle(fontSize: 16.0,color: Colors.black,// color:Color.fromARGB(a, r, g, b)fontWeight: FontWeight.w800,fontStyle: FontStyle.italic,decoration: TextDecoration.lineThrough,decorationColor: Colors.white,decorationStyle: TextDecorationStyle.dashed,letterSpacing: 5.0)),),);}
}

 三、Image图片组件详解：

1、加载本地图片：

1）项目根目录新建images文件夹，images中新建2.x 3.x对应的文件

2）然后，打开pubspec.yaml 声明一下添加的图片文件，注意：空格

3）使用本地图片：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';//本地图片
void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Image.asset("images/2.jpg",width: 150.0,height: 150.0,fit: BoxFit.cover),);}
}

2、加载远程图片：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';//图片路径 https://pics6.baidu.com/feed/43a7d933c895d1431790def92fe644055baf0727.jpeg@f_auto?token=18bdda8ca14969d4351c53a482c2b2ca&s=5BB105C154B1499472A1215B03001013
//远程图片
void main(){runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp()),));
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Image.network("https://pics2.baidu.com/feed/b7003af33a87e9502b64d86f4c2e9544fbf2b45b.jpeg@f_auto?token=8c6557279177a75d44029840f0db0daa&s=C8AA67D91C0090457095310903005057",// "https://pics6.baidu.com/feed/43a7d933c895d1431790def92fe644055baf0727.jpeg@f_auto?token=18bdda8ca14969d4351c53a482c2b2ca&s=5BB105C154B1499472A1215B03001013",width: 150.0,height: 150.0,fit: BoxFit.cover),);}
}

3、加载圆形图片：

1）Container实现圆形图片；

2）ClipOval实现圆形图片；

3）CircleAvatar实现圆形图片。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),// body: const MyApp()// body: const MyApp2()body: const MyApp3()),));
}const String URL = "https://pics2.baidu.com/feed/b7003af33a87e9502b64d86f4c2e9544fbf2b45b.jpeg@f_auto?token=8c6557279177a75d44029840f0db0daa&s=C8AA67D91C0090457095310903005057";//Container实现圆形图片
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Container(width: 150,height: 150,decoration: BoxDecoration(color: Colors.yellow,borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(75),image: const DecorationImage(image: NetworkImage(URL),fit: BoxFit.cover)),),);}
}//ClipOval实现圆形图片
class MyApp2 extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp2({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: ClipOval(child: Image.network(URL,width: 150.0,height: 150.0,fit: BoxFit.cover),),);}
}
//CircleAvatar实现圆形图片
class MyApp3 extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp3({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return const CircleAvatar(radius: 110,backgroundColor: Color(0xffFDCF09),child: CircleAvatar(radius: 100,backgroundImage:NetworkImage(URL),));}
}

四、Icon图标组件：

1、使用Flutter官方lcons图标：

Material Design所有图标可以在其官网查看：——https://material. io/tools/icons/


import 'package:flutter/material.dart';//使用Flutter官方Icons图标
//图标库：https://material.io/tools/icons/
void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Column(children: const [Icon(Icons.search,color: Colors.red),Icon(Icons.home,color: Colors.cyan),Icon(Icons.category),Icon(Icons.shop),]));}
}

2、Flutter中借助阿里巴巴图标库自定义字体图标 ：

1）我们也可以使用自定义字体图标。阿里巴巴图标库官网iconfont.cn上有很多字体图标素材，我们可以选择自己需要的图标打包下载后，会生成一些不同格式的字体文件，在Flutter中，我们使用ttf格式即可。

2）假设我们项目中需要使用一个书籍图标和微信图标，我们打包下载后导入：

3）也可以在pubspec.yaml配置多个字体文件：

4）为了使用方便，我们定义一个Mylcons类，功能和lcons类一样：将字体文件中的所有图标都定义成静态变量：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';class MyIcons{// 设置图标static const IconData set = IconData(0xe601,fontFamily: 'myIcon',matchTextDirection: true);
}

5）使用：


import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_chaper_01/src/asset/font.dart';//使用阿里图标库支持
//图标库：https://material.io/tools/icons/
void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const MyApp(),),));
}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return Center(child: Column(children: const [Icon(MyIcons.set,color: Colors.red),Icon(Icons.home,color: Colors.cyan),Icon(Icons.category),Icon(Icons.shop),]));}
}

五、ListView列表组件：

1、垂直列表demo：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),// body: const VerticalList(),// body: const VerticalIconList(),body: const VerticalPicList(),),));
}//垂直列表
class VerticalList extends StatelessWidget {const VerticalList({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return ListView(children: const <Widget>[ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),ListTile(title: Text("我是一个标题"),),],);}
}//垂直图标列表
class VerticalIconList extends StatelessWidget {const VerticalIconList({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return ListView(children: const <Widget>[ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.assignment, color: Colors.red),title: Text("全部订单"),),Divider(),ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.payment, color: Colors.green),title: Text("待付款"),),Divider(),ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.local_car_wash, color: Colors.orange),title: Text("待收货"),),ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.favorite, color: Colors.lightGreen),title: Text("我的收藏"),),Divider(),ListTile(leading: Icon(Icons.people, color: Colors.black54),title: Text("在线客服"),),Divider(),],);}
}//垂直图文列表
class VerticalPicList extends StatelessWidget {const VerticalPicList({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return ListView(children: <Widget>[ListTile(leading: Image.asset("images/1.png"),title: const Text('华北黄淮高温雨今起强势登场'),subtitle: const Text("中国天气网讯 21日开始，华北黄淮高温雨今起强势登场"),),const Divider(),ListTile(leading: Image.asset("images/2.png"),title: const Text('保监局50天开32罚单 “断供”违规资金为房市降温'),subtitle: const Text("中国天气网讯 保监局50天开32罚单 “断供”违规资金为房市降",),),const Divider(),ListTile(title: const Text('华北黄淮高温雨今起强势登场'),subtitle: const Text("中国天气网讯 21日开始，华北黄淮高温雨今起强势登场"),trailing: Image.asset("images/3.png")),const Divider(),ListTile(leading: Image.asset("images/4.png"),title: const Text('普京现身俄海军节阅兵：乘艇检阅军舰'),),const Divider(),ListTile(leading: Image.asset("images/5.png"),title: const Text('鸿星尔克捐1个亿帮助困难残疾群体 网友：企业有担当'),),const Divider(),ListTile(leading: Image.asset("images/6.png"),title: const Text('行业冥灯？老罗最好祈祷苹果的AR能成'),),],);}
}

2、水平列表，可以左右滑动demo：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';void main() {runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("你好Flutter")),body: const HorizontalList(),),));
}class HorizontalList extends StatelessWidget {const HorizontalList({Key? key}) : super(key: key);@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return SizedBox(height: 180,child: ListView(scrollDirection: Axis.horizontal,children: <Widget>[Container(width: 180.0,color: Colors.red,),Container(width: 180.0,color: Colors.orange,child: Column(children: <Widget>[Image.asset("images/1.png"),const Text('我是一个文本')],),),Container(width: 180.0,color: Colors.blue,),Container(width: 180.0,color: Colors.deepOrange,),Container(width: 180.0,color: Colors.deepPurpleAccent,),],),);}
}

3、ListView动态列表组件，以及循环动态数据demo：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';//列表数据动态化
void main() {runApp(const MyApp());
}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);// This widget is the root of your application. @override@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return MaterialApp(theme: ThemeData(primarySwatch: Colors.yellow,),home: Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: const Text("Flutter ICON")),body: const MyHomePage(),),);}
}class MyHomePage extends StatelessWidget {const MyHomePage({Key? key}) : super(key: key);List<Widget> _initListView() {List<Widget> list = [];for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {list.add(const ListTile(title: Text("我是一个列表"),));}return list;}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return ListView(children: _initListView(),);}
}class MyHomePage2 extends StatelessWidget {List list = [];MyHomePage2({Key? key}) : super(key: key) {for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {list.add("我是一个列表--$i");}}@overrideWidget build(BuildContext context) {return ListView.builder(itemCount: list.length,itemBuilder: (context, index) {return ListTile(title: Text("${list[index]}"),);});}
}
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