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OpenCV标定演示，及如何生成标定板图片

news 2025/7/9 20:04:02

标定的程序在官方的源码里有，

opencv-4.5.5\samples\cpp\tutorial_code\calib3d\camera_calibration

很多小白不知道怎么跑起来，这个也怪OpenCV官方，工作没做完善，其实的default.xml是要自己手动改的，输入的图片也要自己去拍摄，还有那个VID5.xml也要改成可以直接找到图片的路径；

我这里拍了5张图，故意做了鱼眼效果后，用于标定校正。程序已经改好了，直接visual studio就可以跑了，到这里去下载吧，

https://github.com/SpaceView/OpenCV455_cameraCalibrationDemo

关于标定板：

OpenCV官方曾经提供的标定板是CHESSBOARD 9x6和7x7的，实际应用根据场景的需要，可能需要不同的标定板。

标定程序实际支持三种标定板，包括chessboard，grid circle, asymmetric grid circle格子，这里我们手动生成标定板（包括这里提到的三种标定板）的图片，程序如下，

class CalibTools {public:cv::Mat GenerateChessboard(int xBlockNum, int yBlockNum, int BLOCKWIDTH, std::string saveFileName) {//const int BLOCKWIDTH = 150;//const int xBlockNum = 7;//const int YBlockNum = 7;cv::Size sz = { xBlockNum * BLOCKWIDTH, yBlockNum * BLOCKWIDTH };cv::Mat  mat(sz, CV_8UC3);for (int r = 0; r < yBlockNum; r++) {for (int c = 0; c < xBlockNum; c++) {int IX = c * BLOCKWIDTH, IY = r * BLOCKWIDTH;int EX = IX + BLOCKWIDTH, EY = IY + BLOCKWIDTH;cv::Vec3b value;if (0 == (c + r) % 2) {value = { 0xFF,0xFF, 0xFF };}else {value = 0x000000;}for (int y = IY; y < EY; y++) {cv::Vec3b* p = mat.ptr<cv::Vec3b>(y);for (int x = IX; x < EX; x++) {p[x] = value;}}}}if (!saveFileName.empty()) {saveFileName += ".png";cv::imwrite(saveFileName, mat);}return mat;}/**     *   *   *   *   *   *   *   --> xDotNum1  = 7   _|_ 1*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                       _|_ 2*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                       _|_ 3*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                       _|_ 4*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                       _|_ 5*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                       _|_ 6*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                       _|_ 7 --> In total yDotNum = 7*/cv::Mat GenerateGridCircle(int xDotNum, int yDotNum, int dotRadius, int BLOCKWIDTH, std::string saveFileName) {cv::Size sz = { (xDotNum +1) * BLOCKWIDTH, (yDotNum+1) * BLOCKWIDTH };cv::Mat  mat(sz, CV_8UC3);mat.setTo(cv::Scalar(255,255,255));for (int r = 1; r <= yDotNum; r++) {int y = r * BLOCKWIDTH;for (int c = 1; c <= xDotNum; c++) {int x = c * BLOCKWIDTH;cv::circle(mat, cv::Point(x, y), dotRadius, cv::Scalar(0, 0, 0), cv::FILLED);}}if (!saveFileName.empty()) {saveFileName += ".png";cv::imwrite(saveFileName, mat);}return mat;}/**     *   *   *   *   *   *   *   --> xDotNum1  = 7    |*       *   *   *   *   *   *     --> xDotNum2  = 6   _|_  1, --> 2 rows make 1 unit in  yDotNum*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                        |*       *   *   *   *   *   *                         _|_  2*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                        |*       *   *   *   *   *   *                         _|_  3*     *   *   *   *   *   *   *                        |*       *   *   *   *   *   *                         _|_  4, --> In total yDotNum = 4* *     *<--->*    ---> DOTDIST*        **     *     **/cv::Mat GenerateAsymmetricGridCircle(int xDotNum1, int xDotNum2, int yDotNum, int dotRadius, int DOTDIST, std::string saveFileName) {int totXDotNum = xDotNum1 + xDotNum2 + 2;int totYDotNum = 2 * yDotNum + 2;int DIST = DOTDIST / 2;int HDIST = DIST / 2;cv::Size sz = { totXDotNum * DIST, totYDotNum * DIST };cv::Mat  mat(sz, CV_8UC3);mat.setTo(cv::Scalar(255, 255, 255));for (int r = 1; r < totYDotNum-1; r++) {for (int c = 1; c < totXDotNum-1; c++) {int IX = c * DIST, IY = r * DIST;int CX = IX + HDIST, CY = IY + HDIST;if (0 == (c + r) % 2) {cv::circle(mat, cv::Point(CX, CY), dotRadius, cv::Scalar(0, 0, 0), cv::FILLED);}}}if (!saveFileName.empty()) {saveFileName += ".png";cv::imwrite(saveFileName, mat);}return mat;}
};

调用方式举例如下，

CalibTools ct;
ct.GenerateChessboard(7, 7, 100, "GenerateChessboard");
ct.GenerateGridCircle(8, 8, 20, 80, "GeneratedGridCircles");
ct.GenerateAsymmetricGridCircle(8, 7, 6, 20, 100, "GenerateAsymmetricGridCircle");

这样，就可以生成下列形状的标定板，