学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（五）

继续编写魂斗罗

在上次的博客学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（四）中，我们完成了角色的移动和跳跃还有射击，由于博主没有射击的音效，所以我们下面直接来写地图场景的代码，那我们就开始吧。

下面是图片的素材

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1X7tESkes_O6nbPxfpHD6hQ?pwd=hdly
提取码：hdly

1. 加载地图

首先设置一下地图缩放的尺寸，在Constants.py中加入代码

# 地图放缩倍数
MAP_SCALE = 2.5

其次，在主类中加载地图图片，修改__init__()函数

# 读取背景图片
self.background = pygame.image.load('../Image/Map/第一关BG.png')
self.backRect = self.background.get_rect()
# 放大2.5倍
self.background = pygame.transform.scale(self.background,(int(self.backRect.width * MAP_SCALE),int(self.backRect.height * MAP_SCALE))
)
# 设置地图初始位置
self.backRect.x = -1280

对于窗口而言，我们要把地图加载到 (-1280, 0) 的位置

地图加载以后，我们要把它显示出来，修改update()函数

def update(self, window, player1BulletList):# 加载背景window.blit(self.background, self.backRect)# 更新物体currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)# 显示物体MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)

现在看看效果，来运行一下

此时可以看到，成功加载了地图

2. 修改角色尺寸和地面高度

我们可以发现，角色有一点大了，调整小一点，修改Constants.py中的代码

新增变量

# 玩家放缩倍数
PLAYER_SCALE = 1.9

修改加载图片函数，把其中的2.5改成我们设置的倍数

def loadImage(filename, hReverse = False):image = pygame.image.load(filename)if hReverse:image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image,(int(rect.width * PLAYER_SCALE), int(rect.height * PLAYER_SCALE)))image = image.convert_alpha()return image

再运行一下，看看效果

可以看到人物变小了，那么就设置成功了

然后我们条约一下试试

发现掉下去了，这是因为在falling()函数中，设置了高度

SCREEN_HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT = 600 - 63 = 537
所以高度永远不会低于537，这次我们修改一下，把高度调整的高一点，即让人物站的高一点

修改地面高度为295

GROUND_HEIGHT = 295

修改falling()函数中的代码，直接改成GROUND_HEIGHT

我们再看看效果

这次不管怎么跳，也不会下去了

接下来我们设置一下出场动画

在玩家类中，修改角色的初始状态

改为掉落

接下来把角色的位置修改一下，修改主类创建角色的代码

这样就好啦

我们再运行一下，看看效果

可以看到，人物掉下来出场的

完整的主类代码

import sys
import pygame
from Constants import *
from PlayerOne import PlayerOnedef drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList):for bullet in player1BulletList:if bullet.isDestroy:player1BulletList.remove(bullet)else:bullet.draw(MainGame.window)bullet.move()class MainGame:player1 = NoneallSprites = Nonewindow = None# 子弹player1BulletList = []def __init__(self):# 初始化展示模块pygame.display.init()SCREEN_SIZE = (SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)# 初始化窗口MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE)# 设置窗口标题pygame.display.set_caption('魂斗罗角色')# 是否结束游戏self.isEnd = False# 获取按键self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()# 帧率self.fps = 60self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 初始化角色MainGame.player1 = PlayerOne(pygame.time.get_ticks())# 设置角色的初始位置MainGame.player1.rect.x = 80MainGame.player1.rect.bottom = 0# 把角色放入组中，方便统一管理MainGame.allSprites = pygame.sprite.Group(MainGame.player1)# 读取背景图片self.background = pygame.image.load('../Image/Map/第一关BG.png')self.backRect = self.background.get_rect()self.background = pygame.transform.scale(self.background,(int(self.backRect.width * MAP_SCALE),int(self.backRect.height * MAP_SCALE)))self.backRect.x = -1280def run(self):while not self.isEnd:# 设置背景颜色pygame.display.get_surface().fill((0, 0, 0))# 游戏场景和景物更新函数self.update(MainGame.window, MainGame.player1BulletList)# 获取窗口中的事件self.getPlayingModeEvent()# 更新窗口pygame.display.update()# 设置帧率self.clock.tick(self.fps)fps = self.clock.get_fps()caption = '魂斗罗 - {:.2f}'.format(fps)pygame.display.set_caption(caption)else:sys.exit()def getPlayingModeEvent(self):# 获取事件列表for event in pygame.event.get():# 点击窗口关闭按钮if event.type == pygame.QUIT:self.isEnd = True# 键盘按键按下elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()# 键盘按键抬起elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()def update(self, window, player1BulletList):# 加载背景window.blit(self.background, self.backRect)# 更新物体currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)# 显示物体MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)if __name__ == '__main__':MainGame().run()

完整角色类代码

import pygame
from Constants import *
from Bullet import Bulletclass PlayerOne(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self, currentTime):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)# 加载角色图片self.standRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/stand.png')self.standLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/stand.png')self.upRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upRight(small).png')self.upLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upLeft(small).png')self.downRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png')self.downLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png', True)self.obliqueUpRightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png'),]self.obliqueUpLeftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png', True),]self.obliqueDownRightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png'),]self.obliqueDownLeftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png', True),]# 角色向右的全部图片self.rightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run3.png')]# 角色向左的全部图片self.leftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run3.png')]# 角色跳跃的全部图片self.upRightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png'),]self.upLeftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png', True),]self.rightFireImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png'),]self.leftFireImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png', True),]# 角色左右移动下标self.imageIndex = 0# 角色跳跃下标self.upImageIndex = 0# 角色斜射下标self.obliqueImageIndex = 0# 上一次显示图片的时间self.runLastTimer = currentTimeself.fireLastTimer = currentTime# 选择当前要显示的图片self.image = self.standRightImage# 获取图片的rectself.rect = self.image.get_rect()# 设置角色的状态self.state = State.FALL# 角色的方向self.direction = Direction.RIGHT# 速度self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEEDself.ySpeed = 0self.jumpSpeed = -11# 人物当前的状态标志self.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = Falseself.isJumping = Trueself.isSquating = Falseself.isFiring = False# 重力加速度self.gravity = 0.7self.isUp = Falseself.isDown = Falsedef update(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):# 更新站或者走的状态# 根据状态响应按键if self.state == State.STAND:self.standing(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.WALK:self.walking(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.JUMP:self.jumping(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.FALL:self.falling(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)# 更新位置# 记录前一次的位置坐标pre = self.rect.xself.rect.x += self.xSpeedself.rect.y += self.ySpeed# 如果x位置小于0了，就不能移动，防止人物跑到屏幕左边if self.rect.x <= 0:self.rect.x = pre# 更新动画# 跳跃状态if self.isJumping:# 根据方向if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 方向向右，角色加载向右跳起的图片self.image = self.upRightImages[self.upImageIndex]else:# 否则，方向向左，角色加载向左跳起的图片self.image = self.upLeftImages[self.upImageIndex]# 角色蹲下if self.isSquating:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 加载向右蹲下的图片self.image = self.downRightImageelse:# 加载向左蹲下的图片self.image = self.downLeftImage# 角色站着if self.isStanding:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if self.isUp:# 加载向右朝上的图片self.image = self.upRightImageelif self.isDown:# 加载向右蹲下的图片self.image = self.downRightImageelse:# 加载向右站着的图片self.image = self.standRightImageelse:# 向左也是同样的效果if self.isUp:self.image = self.upLeftImageelif self.isDown:self.image = self.downLeftImageelse:self.image = self.standLeftImage# 角色移动if self.isWalking:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if self.isUp:# 加载斜右上的图片self.image = self.obliqueUpRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]elif self.isDown:# 加载斜右下的图片self.image = self.obliqueDownRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]else:# 加载向右移动的图片，根据开火状态是否加载向右开火移动的图片if self.isFiring:self.image = self.rightFireImages[self.imageIndex]else:self.image = self.rightImages[self.imageIndex]else:if self.isUp:self.image = self.obliqueUpLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]elif self.isDown:self.image = self.obliqueDownLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]else:if self.isFiring:self.image = self.leftFireImages[self.imageIndex]else:self.image = self.leftImages[self.imageIndex]def standing(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""角色站立"""# 设置角色状态self.isStanding = Trueself.isWalking = Falseself.isJumping = Falseself.isSquating = Falseself.isUp = Falseself.isDown = Falseself.isFiring = False# 设置速度self.ySpeed = 0self.xSpeed = 0# 按下A键if keys[pygame.K_a]:# A按下，角色方向向左self.direction = Direction.LEFT# 改变角色的状态，角色进入移动状态self.state = State.WALK# 设置站立状态为False，移动状态为Trueself.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = True# 向左移动，速度为负数，这样玩家的x坐标是减小的self.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下D键elif keys[pygame.K_d]:# D按下，角色方向向右self.direction = Direction.RIGHT# 改变角色的状态，角色进入移动状态self.state = State.WALK# 设置站立状态为False，移动状态为Trueself.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = True# 向右移动，速度为正数self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下k键elif keys[pygame.K_k]:# K按下，角色进入跳跃状态，但是不会改变方向self.state = State.JUMP# 设置站立状态为False，跳跃状态为True# 不改变移动状态，因为移动的时候也可以跳跃self.isStanding = Falseself.isJumping = True# 设置速度，速度为负数，因为角色跳起后，要下落self.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeed# 没有按下按键else:# 没有按下按键，角色依然是站立状态self.state = State.STANDself.isStanding = True# 按下w键if keys[pygame.K_w]:# W按下，角色向上，改变方向状态self.isUp = Trueself.isStanding = Trueself.isDown = Falseself.isSquating = False# 按下s键elif keys[pygame.K_s]:# S按下，角色蹲下，改变方向状态，并且蹲下状态设置为Trueself.isUp = Falseself.isStanding = Falseself.isDown = Trueself.isSquating = Trueif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTimedef walking(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""角色行走，每10帧变换一次图片"""self.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = Trueself.isJumping = Falseself.isSquating = Falseself.isFiring = Falseself.ySpeed = 0self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 如果当前是站立的图片if self.isStanding:# 方向向右，方向向上if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT and self.isUp:# 设置为向右朝上的图片self.image = self.upRightImage# 方向向右elif self.direction == Direction.RIGHT and not self.isUp:# 设置为向右站立的图片self.image = self.standRightImageelif self.direction == Direction.LEFT and self.isUp:self.image = self.upLeftImageelif self.direction == Direction.LEFT and not self.isUp:self.image = self.standLeftImage# 记下当前时间self.runLastTimer = currentTimeelse:# 如果是走动的图片，先判断方向if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 设置速度self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 根据上下方向觉得是否角色要加载斜射的图片if self.isUp or self.isDown:# isUp == True表示向上斜射# isDown == True表示向下斜射# 计算上一次加载图片到这次的时间，如果大于115，即11.5帧，即上次加载图片到这次加载图片之间，已经加载了11张图片if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:# 那么就可以加载斜着奔跑的图片# 如果角色加载的图片不是第三张，则加载下一张就行if self.obliqueImageIndex < 2:self.obliqueImageIndex += 1# 否则就加载第一张图片else:self.obliqueImageIndex = 0# 记录变换图片的时间，为下次变换图片做准备self.runLastTimer = currentTime# 不是斜射else:# 加载正常向右奔跑的图片if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.imageIndex < 2:self.imageIndex += 1else:self.imageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTimeelse:self.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEEDif self.isUp or self.isDown:if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.obliqueImageIndex < 2:self.obliqueImageIndex += 1else:self.obliqueImageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTimeelse:if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.imageIndex < 2:self.imageIndex += 1else:self.imageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTime# 按下D键if keys[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = Direction.RIGHTself.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下A键elif keys[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = Direction.LEFTself.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下S键elif keys[pygame.K_s]:self.isStanding = Falseself.isDown = True# 按下W键if keys[pygame.K_w]:self.isUp = Trueself.isDown = False# 没有按键按下else:self.state = State.STAND# 移动时按下K键if keys[pygame.K_k]:# 角色状态变为跳跃self.state = State.JUMPself.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeedself.isJumping = Trueself.isStanding = Falseif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTimedef jumping(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""跳跃"""# 设置标志self.isJumping = Trueself.isStanding = Falseself.isDown = Falseself.isSquating = Falseself.isFiring = False# 更新速度self.ySpeed += self.gravityif currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.upImageIndex < 3:self.upImageIndex += 1else:self.upImageIndex = 0# 记录变换图片的时间，为下次变换图片做准备self.runLastTimer = currentTimeif keys[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = Direction.RIGHTelif keys[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = Direction.LEFT# 按下W键if keys[pygame.K_w]:self.isUp = Trueself.isDown = Falseelif keys[pygame.K_s]:self.isUp = Falseself.isDown = Trueif self.ySpeed >= 0:self.state = State.FALLif not keys[pygame.K_k]:self.state = State.FALLif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTimedef falling(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):# 下落时速度越来越快，所以速度需要一直增加self.ySpeed += self.gravityif currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.upImageIndex < 3:self.upImageIndex += 1else:self.upImageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTime# 防止落到窗口外面，当落到一定高度时，就不会再掉落了if self.rect.bottom > GROUND_HEIGHT:self.state = State.WALKself.ySpeed = 0self.rect.bottom = GROUND_HEIGHTself.isJumping = Falseif keys[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = Direction.RIGHTself.isWalking = Falseelif keys[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = Direction.LEFTself.isWalking = Falseif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

完整的常量代码

from enum import Enum
import pygameclass State(Enum):STAND = 1WALK = 2JUMP = 3FALL = 4SQUAT = 5class Direction(Enum):RIGHT = 1LEFT = 2# 玩家放缩倍数
PLAYER_SCALE = 1.9def loadImage(filename, hReverse = False):image = pygame.image.load(filename)if hReverse:image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image,(int(rect.width * PLAYER_SCALE), int(rect.height * PLAYER_SCALE)))image = image.convert_alpha()return image# 设置窗口大小
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
GROUND_HEIGHT = 295# 玩家x方向速度
PLAYER_X_SPEED = 3
# 设置玩家子弹上限
PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER = 15# 地图放缩倍数
MAP_SCALE = 2.5

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