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Elasticsearch：使用 Open AI 和 Langchain 的 RAG - Retrieval Augmented Generation （三）

news 2025/9/13 14:43:13

这是继之前文章：

Elasticsearch：使用 Open AI 和 Langchain 的 RAG - Retrieval Augmented Generation （一）
Elasticsearch：使用 Open AI 和 Langchain 的 RAG - Retrieval Augmented Generation （二）

的续篇。在今天的文章中，我将详述如何使用 ElasticsearchStore。这也是被推荐的使用方法。如果你还没有设置好自己的环境，请详细阅读第一篇文章。

创建应用并展示

安装包

#!pip3 install langchain

导入包

from dotenv import load_dotenv
from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.vectorstores import ElasticsearchStore
from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter
from urllib.request import urlopen
import os, jsonload_dotenv()openai_api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')
elastic_user=os.getenv('ES_USER')
elastic_password=os.getenv('ES_PASSWORD')
elastic_endpoint=os.getenv("ES_ENDPOINT")
elastic_index_name='elasticsearch-store'

添加文档并将文档分成段落

with open('workplace-docs.json') as f:workplace_docs = json.load(f)print(f"Successfully loaded {len(workplace_docs)} documents")

metadata = []
content = []for doc in workplace_docs:content.append(doc["content"])metadata.append({"name": doc["name"],"summary": doc["summary"],"rolePermissions":doc["rolePermissions"]})text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=50, chunk_overlap=0)
docs = text_splitter.create_documents(content, metadatas=metadata)

把数据写入到 Elasticsearch

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearchembeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)url = f"https://{elastic_user}:{elastic_password}@{elastic_endpoint}:9200"
connection = Elasticsearch(url, ca_certs = "./http_ca.crt", verify_certs = True)es = ElasticsearchStore.from_documents( docs,embedding = embeddings, es_url = url, es_connection = connection,index_name = elastic_index_name, es_user = elastic_user,es_password = elastic_password)

展示结果

def showResults(output):print("Total results: ", len(output))for index in range(len(output)):print(output[index])

Similarity / Vector Search (Approximate KNN Search) - ApproxRetrievalStrategy()

query = "work from home policy"
result = es.similarity_search(query=query)showResults(result)

Hybrid Search (Approximate KNN + Keyword Search) - ApproxRetrievalStrategy()

我们在 Kibana 的 Dev Tools 里打入如下的命令：

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)es = ElasticsearchStore(es_url = url,es_connection = connection,es_user=elastic_user,es_password=elastic_password,embedding=embeddings,index_name=elastic_index_name,strategy=ElasticsearchStore.ApproxRetrievalStrategy(hybrid=True)
)es.similarity_search("work from home policy")

造成这个错误的原因是因为当前的 License 模式不支持 RRF。我们去 Kibana 启动当前的授权：

我们再次运行代码：

Exact KNN Search (Brute Force) - ExactRetrievalStrategy()

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)es = ElasticsearchStore(es_url = url,es_connection = connection,es_user=elastic_user,es_password=elastic_password,embedding=embeddings,index_name=elastic_index_name,strategy=ElasticsearchStore.ExactRetrievalStrategy()
)es.similarity_search("work from home policy")

Index / Search Documents using ELSER - SparseVectorRetrievalStrategy()

在这个步骤中，我们需要启动 ELSER。有关 ELSER 的启动，请参阅文章 “Elasticsearch：部署 ELSER - Elastic Learned Sparse EncoderR”。

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)es = ElasticsearchStore.from_documents(docs,es_url = url,es_connection = connection,es_user=elastic_user,es_password=elastic_password,index_name=elastic_index_name+"-"+"elser",strategy=ElasticsearchStore.SparseVectorRetrievalStrategy()
)es.similarity_search("work from home policy")