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Java：SpringBoot 整合Spring-Retry实现错误重试

news 2025/8/17 22:59:42

SpringBoot 整合Spring-Retry可以实现错误重试

引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId><artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

完整依赖pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.7.7</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>demo</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>demo</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!-- spring-retry --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId><artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><excludes><exclude><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></exclude></excludes></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>

开启spring-retry

启动类上增加注解 @EnableRetry

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.retry.annotation.EnableRetry;@EnableRetry
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}}

使用重试注解

`@Retryable` 注解

value，可重试的异常类型。含义同include。默认为空(如果excludes也为空，则重试所有异常)
include：可重试的异常类型。默认为空(如果excludes也为空，则重试所有异常)
exclude：无需重试的异常类型。默认为空(如果includes也为空，则重试所有异常)
maxAttempts：最大重试次数(包括第一次失败)，默认为3次
backoff：重试等待策略,下面会在@Backoff中介绍
recover：表示重试次数到达最大重试次数后的回调方法

`@Backoff` 注解

delay，重试之间的等待时间(以毫秒为单位)
maxDelay，重试之间的最大等待时间(以毫秒为单位)
multiplier，指定延迟的倍数
delayExpression，重试之间的等待时间表达式
maxDelayExpression，重试之间的最大等待时间表达式
multiplierExpression，指定延迟的倍数表达式
random，随机指定延迟时间

使用示例

package com.example.demo.component;import org.springframework.retry.annotation.Recover;
import org.springframework.retry.annotation.Retryable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class HttpRequest {private int count = 0;/*** 模拟网络请求异常* @return*/@Retryable(recover = "errorHandler")public String getResponse() {count++;System.out.println("time: " + count);if (count < 4) {throw new RuntimeException("count: " + count);}return "success";}/*** 错误处理函数* 注意：需要返回 String，否则会抛出方法找不到异常* org.springframework.retry.ExhaustedRetryException: Cannot locate recovery method** @param e* @return*/@Recoverpublic String errorHandler(RuntimeException e) {System.out.println("errorHandler");return "ok";}
}

测试

package com.example.demo.component;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTest
public class HttpRequestTest {@Autowiredprivate HttpRequest httpRequest;@Testpublic void getResponse(){httpRequest.getResponse();}
}