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RabbitMQ学习笔记（下）：延迟队列，发布确认高级，备份交换机

news 2025/7/9 20:07:05

十、延迟队列

延迟队列

概念：

延迟队列使用场景：

流程图：

延迟队列整合Springboot

导入依赖：

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.47</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.springfox</groupId><artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.springfox</groupId><artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies>

在java/com/atguigu/rabbitmq下创建config创建类SwaggerConfig，写入代码：

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {@Beanpublic Docket webApiConfig(){return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).groupName("webApi").apiInfo(webApiInfo()).select().build();}private ApiInfo webApiInfo() {return new ApiInfoBuilder().title("rabbitmq接口文档").description("本文档描述了rabbitmq微服务接口定义").version("1.0").contact(new Contact("enjoy6288","http://atguigu.com","1551388580@qq.com")).build();}
}

队列TTL代码框架图：

队列TTL（配置类代码）：

@Configuration
public class TtlQueueConfig {//普通交换机的名称public static final String X_EXCHANGE = "X";//死信交换机的名称public static final String Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "Y";//普通队列的名称public static final String QUEUE_A = "QA";public static final String QUEUE_B = "QB";//死信队列的名称public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "QD";//声明xExchange@Bean("xExchange")public DirectExchange xExchange(){return new DirectExchange(X_EXCHANGE);}//声明yExchange@Bean("yExchange")public DirectExchange yExchange(){return new DirectExchange(Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);}//声明普通队列A的TTL为10s@Bean("queueA")public Queue queueA(){Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(3);//设置死信交换机arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);//设置死信RoutingKeyarguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","YD");//设置TTLarguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_A).withArguments(arguments).build();}//声明普通队列B的TTL为40s@Bean("queueB")public Queue queueB(){Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(3);//设置死信交换机arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);//设置死信RoutingKeyarguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","YD");//设置TTLarguments.put("x-message-ttl",40000);return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_B).withArguments(arguments).build();}//死信队列@Bean("queueD")public Queue queueD() {return QueueBuilder.durable(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE).build();}//绑定A-X@Beanpublic Binding queueABindingX(@Qualifier("queueA") Queue queueA,@Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(xExchange).with("XA");}//绑定B-x@Beanpublic Binding queueBBindingX(@Qualifier("queueB") Queue queueB,@Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB).to(xExchange).with("XB");}//绑定D-y@Beanpublic Binding queueDBindingY(@Qualifier("queueD") Queue queueD,@Qualifier("yExchange") DirectExchange yExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(yExchange).with("YD");}
}

队列TTL（生产者）：

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ttl")
public class SendMsgController {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@GetMapping("/sendMsg/{message}")public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message){log.info("当前时间：{},发送一条信息给两个TTL队列:{}",new Date().toString(),message);rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X","XA","消息来自ttl为10s的队列:"+message);rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X","XB","消息来自ttl为40s的队列:"+message);}
}

队列TTL（消费者）

@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {//接收消息@RabbitListener(queues="QD")public void receiveD(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception{String msg = new String(message.getBody());log.info("当前时间：{}，收到死信队列的消息：{}",new Date().toString(),msg);}
}

延迟队列优化

不能为需求增加队列，

写一个通用队列作为延迟队列：

配置类，在上面配置类中加入如下代码：

public static final String QUEUE_C = "QC";
//和死信交换机连接
@Bean("queueC")
public Queue queue(){Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(3);//设置死信交换机arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);//设置死信RoutingKeyarguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","YD");return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_C).withArguments(arguments).build();
}
//和普通交换机绑定
@Bean
public Binding queueCBindingX(@Qualifier("queueC") Queue queueC,@Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC).to(xExchange).with("XC");
}

在前面生产者的基础上写入如下代码：

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ttl")
public class SendMsgController {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@GetMapping("/sendExpirationMsg/{message}/{ttlTime}")public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message,@PathVariable String ttlTime){log.info("当前时间:{},发送一条时长{}毫秒TTL信息给队列QC:{}",new Date().toString(),ttlTime,message);rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X","XC",message,msg->{//发送消息的时候延迟时长msg.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(ttlTime);return msg;});}
}

点击启动类重新启动，在网页端输入：localhost:8080/ttl/sendExpirationMsg/你好1/20000和localhost:8080/ttl/sendExpirationMsg/你好2/2000。

问题：延迟队列是排队的，当队列中有多条消息时，延迟队列的消息会根据前面最长时间发送。

安装延迟队列插件：

在https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange/releases下载rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange插件，解压放置到RabbitMQ的插件目录。

rabbitmq的插件在：/usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.8.8/plugins目录下，上传插件到目录下，如果上传失败用sudo rz先获得权限。

输入：rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

重启rabbitmq：systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

进入rabbitmq的交换机界面，查看下面是否出现，如果出现代表安装成功：

基于插件的延迟队列：

配置类

@Configuration
public class DelayedQueueConfig {//队列public static final String DELAYED_QUEUEE_NAME="delayed.queue";//交换机public static final String DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME="delayed.exchange";//routingKeypublic static final String DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY="delayed.routingkey";//声明队列@Beanpublic Queue delayedQueue(){return new Queue(DELAYED_QUEUEE_NAME);}//声明交换机,基于插件的@Beanpublic CustomExchange delayedExchange(){Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();arguments.put("x-delayed-type","direct");//交换机名称，交换机类型,是否需要持久化，是否需要自动删除，其它参数return new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME,"x-delayed-message",true,false,arguments);}//绑定@Beanpublic Binding delayedQueueBindingDelayedExchange(@Qualifier("delayedQueue") Queue delayedQueue,@Qualifier("delayedExchange") CustomExchange delayedExchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(delayedQueue).to(delayedExchange).with(DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();}
}

生产者

//发消息，基于插件的消息及延迟时间
@GetMapping("/sendDelayMsg/{message}/{delayTime}")
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message,@PathVariable  Integer delayTime){log.info("当前时间:{},发送一条时长{}毫秒信息给延迟队列delayed.queue:{}",new Date().toString(),delayTime,message);rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME,DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY,message,msg->{//发送消息时延迟时间（毫秒）msg.getMessageProperties().setDelay(delayTime);return msg;});
}

消费者，创建DelayQueueConsumer类：

@Slf4j
@Component
public class DelayQueueConsumer {//监听消息@RabbitListener(queues = DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_QUEUEE_NAME)public void receiveDelayQueue(Message message){String msg = new String(message.getBody());log.info("当前时间：{},收到延迟队列的消息:{}",new Date().toString(),msg);}}

测试：localhost:8080/ttl/sendDelayMsg/come on baby1/20000。localhost:8080/ttl/sendDelayMsg/come on baby2/2000