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SpringBoot读取配置的方式

news 2025/8/12 19:58:29

在 Spring Boot 应用中，我们通常需要一些配置信息来指导应用的运行。这些配置信息可以包括如下内容：端口号、数据库连接信息、日志配置、缓存配置、认证配置、等等。Spring Boot 提供了多种方式来读取这些配置信息。读取配置的目的是为了在程序中使用这些配置信息，以便对应用进行正确的配置和处理。读取配置的目的是为了方便我们管理和配置应用，让应用能够按照自己的要求进行工作。

`@Value` 注解

@Value("${myapp.name}")
private String appName;

配置内容

结果

如果没用配置对应的内容，会报错，需要填写默认值

@Value("${myapp.name:defaultValue}")
private String appName;

结果

`@ConfigurationProperties` 注解

可以批量注入，比value注解方便

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myapp")
@Configuration
@Data
public class MyAppProperties {private String name;private Integer age;}

测试

  @Resourceprivate MyAppProperties myAppProperties;@Testpublic void test22(){System.out.println(myAppProperties.getName());System.out.println(myAppProperties.getAge());}

结果

`Environment` 对象（实现接口）

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Configuration
@Data
public class Environmentconfig implements EnvironmentAware {private Environment env;@Overridepublic void setEnvironment(org.springframework.core.env.Environment environment) {this.env= environment;}
}

测试

    @Resourceprivate Environmentconfig environmentconfig;@Testpublic void test22(){String property = environmentconfig.getEnv().getProperty("myapp.name");System.out.println(property);}

结果

`Environment` 对象（注入方式）

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Configuration
@Data
public class Environmentconfig  {@Resourceprivate Environment env;}

测试

    @Resourceprivate Environmentconfig environmentconfig;@Testpublic void test22(){String property = environmentconfig.getEnv().getProperty("myapp.name");System.out.println(property);}

结果

`@PropertySource` 注解

可以读取外部配置

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySources;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;import javax.annotation.Resource;@Configuration
@PropertySources({@PropertySource(value = "classpath:myapp.properties",encoding = "utf-8")
})
@Data
public class AppConfig {@Value("${test.name}")private String name;
}

写一个外部配置文件

测试

    @Resourceprivate AppConfig appConfig;@Testpublic void test22(){System.out.println(appConfig.getName());}

PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.YamlPropertiesFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;@Configuration
public class MyYamlConfig {@Beanpublic static  PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer yamlConfigurer(){PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer configurer=  new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();YamlPropertiesFactoryBean yaml= new YamlPropertiesFactoryBean();yaml.setResources(new ClassPathResource("myapp.yml"));configurer.setProperties(yaml.getObject());return configurer;}}

外部yml配置文件

测试

    @Value("${test.name}")private String name;@Testpublic void test22(){System.out.println(name);}

结果

java原生

    @Testpublic void test22(){Properties props=new Properties();try {InputStreamReader inputStreamReader=new InputStreamReader(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("myapp.properties"),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);props.load(inputStreamReader);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}System.out.println(props.getProperty("test.name"));}

或者读取yml文件

    @Testpublic void test22(){YamlPropertiesFactoryBean factory = new YamlPropertiesFactoryBean();factory.setResources(new ClassPathResource("myapp.yml"));Properties properties = factory.getObject();System.out.println(properties.getProperty("test.name"));}

配置文件