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springboot对接rabbitmq并且实现动态创建队列和消费

news 2025/8/26 13:41:45

背景

1、对接多个节点上的MQ（如master-MQ，slave-MQ），若读者需要自己模拟出两个MQ，可以部署多个VM然后参考 docker 安装rabbitmq_Steven-Russell的博客-CSDN博客

2、队列名称不是固定的，需要接受外部参数，并且通过模板进行格式化，才能够得到队列名称

3、需要在master-MQ上延迟一段时间，然后将消息再转发给slave-MQ

问题

1、采用springboot的自动注入bean需要事先知道队列的名称，但是队列名称是动态的情况下，无法实现自动注入

2、mq弱依赖，在没有master-mq或者slave-mq时，不能影响到现有能力

解决方案

1、由于mq的队列创建、exchange创建以及队列和exchange的绑定关系是可重入的，所以采用connectFactory进行手动声明

2、增加自定义条件OnMqCondition，防止不必要的bean创建

总体流程

实施过程

搭建springboot项目

参考 搭建最简单的SpringBoot项目_Steven-Russell的博客-CSDN博客

引入amqp依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

引入后续会用到的工具类依赖

<dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId><version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.28</version><scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId><artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId><version>2.0.40</version>
</dependency>

创建配置文件

在application.yml中增加如下配置

mq:master:addresses: 192.168.30.128:5672username: guestpassword: guestvhost: /slave:addresses: 192.168.30.131:5672username: guestpassword: guestvhost: /

创建自定义Condition注解和注解实现

package com.wd.config.condition;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;import java.lang.annotation.*;@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Conditional(OnMqCondition.class)
public @interface MqConditional {String[] keys();}

package com.wd.config.condition;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;
import org.springframework.lang.NonNull;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;import java.util.Map;public class OnMqCondition implements Condition {@Overridepublic boolean matches(@NonNull ConditionContext context, @NonNull AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {Map<String, Object> annotationAttributes = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(MqConditional.class.getName());if (annotationAttributes == null || annotationAttributes.isEmpty()) {// 为空则不进行校验了return true;}String[] keys = (String[])annotationAttributes.get("keys");for (String key : keys) {String property = context.getEnvironment().getProperty(key);if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(property)) {return false;}}return true;}
}

创建多个链接工厂connectFactory

package com.wd.config;import com.wd.config.condition.MqConditional;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;@Configuration
public class MqConnectionFactory {@Value("${mq.master.addresses}")private String masterAddresses;@Value("${mq.master.username}")private String masterUsername;@Value("${mq.master.password}")private String masterPassword;@Value("${mq.master.vhost}")private String masterVhost;@Value("${mq.slave.addresses}")private String slaveAddresses;@Value("${mq.slave.username}")private String slaveUsername;@Value("${mq.slave.password}")private String slavePassword;@Value("${mq.slave.vhost}")private String slaveVhost;@Bean@Primary@MqConditional(keys = {"mq.master.addresses", "mq.master.vhost", "mq.master.username", "mq.master.password"})public ConnectionFactory masterConnectionFactory() {return doCreateConnectionFactory(masterAddresses, masterUsername, masterPassword, masterVhost);}@Bean@MqConditional(keys = {"mq.slave.addresses", "mq.slave.vhost", "mq.slave.username", "mq.slave.password"})public ConnectionFactory slaveConnectionFactory() {return doCreateConnectionFactory(slaveAddresses, slaveUsername, slavePassword, slaveVhost);}private ConnectionFactory doCreateConnectionFactory(String addresses,String username,String password,String vhost) {CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();cachingConnectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses);cachingConnectionFactory.setUsername(username);cachingConnectionFactory.setPassword(password);cachingConnectionFactory.setVirtualHost(vhost);return cachingConnectionFactory;}}

创建交换机名称枚举 DeclareQueueExchange

package com.wd.config;public enum DeclareQueueExchange {EXCHANGE("exchange"),DEAD_EXCHANGE("deadExchange"),DELAY_EXCHANGE("delayExchange");private final String exchangeName;DeclareQueueExchange(String exchangeName) {this.exchangeName = exchangeName;}public String getExchangeName() {return exchangeName;}
}

创建消息队列模板枚举 DeclareQueueName

package com.wd.config;public enum DeclareQueueName {DELAY_QUEUE_NAME_SUFFIX("_delay"),DEAD_QUEUE_NAME_SUFFIX("_dead"),QUEUE_NAME_TEMPLATE("wd.simple.queue.{0}");private final String queueName;DeclareQueueName(String queueName) {this.queueName = queueName;}public String getQueueName() {return queueName;}
}

创建消息VO和消息

package com.wd.controller.vo;import com.wd.pojo.Phone;
import lombok.Data;@Data
public class DelayMsgVo {private String queueId;private Phone phone;
}

package com.wd.pojo;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Phone implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = -1L;private String id;private String name;private Date createTime;private List<User> userList;}

package com.wd.pojo;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = -1L;private String username;private Date create;
}

定义队列id列表缓存，用于替换三方缓存，用于队列名称模板初始化

package com.wd.config;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public interface QueueIdListConfig {/*** 先用本地缓存维护队列id*/List<Integer> QUEUE_ID_LIST = new ArrayList<Integer>() {{add(111);add(222);add(333);}};
}

创建消息接受入口 controller

注意：此处就以web用户输入为入口，所以创建controller

package com.wd.controller;import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueExchange;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueName;
import com.wd.controller.vo.DelayMsgVo;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.Connection;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;@RestController
@ConditionalOnBean(value = ConnectionFactory.class, name = "masterConnectionFactory")
public class DynamicCreateQueueController {private final ConnectionFactory masterConnectionFactory;public DynamicCreateQueueController(@Qualifier(value = "masterConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory masterConnectionFactory) {this.masterConnectionFactory = masterConnectionFactory;}@PostMapping(value = "sendDelayMsg")public String sendMsg2DelayQueue(@RequestBody DelayMsgVo delayMsgVo) throws IOException, TimeoutException {doSendMsg2DelayQueue(delayMsgVo);return "success";}private void doSendMsg2DelayQueue(DelayMsgVo delayMsgVo) throws IOException, TimeoutException {// 根据id 动态生成队列名称String queueNameTemplate = DeclareQueueName.QUEUE_NAME_TEMPLATE.getQueueName();String queueName = MessageFormat.format(queueNameTemplate, delayMsgVo.getQueueId());String delayQueueName = queueName + DeclareQueueName.DELAY_QUEUE_NAME_SUFFIX.getQueueName();String deadQueueName = queueName + DeclareQueueName.DEAD_QUEUE_NAME_SUFFIX.getQueueName();// 注意：下述声明交换机和队列的操作是可以重入的，MQ并不会报错try (Connection connection = masterConnectionFactory.createConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel(false)){// 声明死信交换机channel.exchangeDeclare(DeclareQueueExchange.DEAD_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);// 声明死信队列AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk deadQueueDeclareOk = channel.queueDeclare(deadQueueName,true, false, false, null);// 定时任务 绑定消费者，避免出现多个消费者以及重启后无法消费存量消息的问题//  注意：因为需要保证消费顺序，所以此处仅声明一个消费者// 死信队列和交换机绑定channel.queueBind(deadQueueName, DeclareQueueExchange.DEAD_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), deadQueueName);// 声明延迟队列Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();//设置延迟队列绑定的死信交换机args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DeclareQueueExchange.DEAD_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName());//设置延迟队列绑定的死信路由键args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", deadQueueName);//设置延迟队列的 TTL 消息存活时间args.put("x-message-ttl", 10 * 1000);channel.queueDeclare(delayQueueName, true, false, false, args);channel.exchangeDeclare(DeclareQueueExchange.DELAY_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);channel.queueBind(delayQueueName, DeclareQueueExchange.DELAY_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), delayQueueName);// 发送消息到延迟队列channel.basicPublish(DeclareQueueExchange.DELAY_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), delayQueueName, null,JSONObject.toJSONString(delayMsgVo.getPhone()).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}}}

创建master延迟消息消费者

package com.wd.mq.consumer;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueExchange;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueName;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.Connection;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;/*** 死信消费者，消费消息转发给targetConnectionFactory对应的目标MQ*/
public class MasterDeadQueueConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {private final ConnectionFactory targetConnectionFactory;public MasterDeadQueueConsumer(Channel channel, ConnectionFactory targetConnectionFactory) {super(channel);this.targetConnectionFactory = targetConnectionFactory;}@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {// 从死信队列的名称中截取队列名称，作为后续队列的名称String routingKey = envelope.getRoutingKey();String targetQueueName = routingKey.substring(0, routingKey.length() - DeclareQueueName.DEAD_QUEUE_NAME_SUFFIX.getQueueName().length());try (Connection targetConnection = targetConnectionFactory.createConnection();Channel targetChannel = targetConnection.createChannel(false)){// 声明交换机和队列targetChannel.exchangeDeclare(DeclareQueueExchange.EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);targetChannel.queueDeclare(targetQueueName, true, false, false, null);targetChannel.queueBind(targetQueueName, DeclareQueueExchange.EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), targetQueueName);// 转发消息targetChannel.basicPublish(DeclareQueueExchange.EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), targetQueueName, properties, body);} catch (TimeoutException e) {e.printStackTrace();// 注意此处获取的源队列的channelgetChannel().basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);}// 注意此处获取的源队列的channelgetChannel().basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);}
}

创建slave队列消息消费者

package com.wd.mq.consumer;import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import com.wd.pojo.Phone;import java.io.IOException;public class SlaveQueueConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {public SlaveQueueConsumer(Channel channel) {super(channel);}@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {Phone phone = JSONObject.parseObject(new String(body), Phone.class);System.out.println("SlaveQueueConsumer consume ==> " + phone);getChannel().basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);}
}

创建定时任务，消费延迟消息

注意：因为采用的是死信队列的方式实现的延迟效果，此处只需要消费对应的死信队列即可

package com.wd.mq.quartz;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueExchange;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueName;
import com.wd.config.QueueIdListConfig;
import com.wd.mq.consumer.MasterDeadQueueConsumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.Connection;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean(value = ConnectionFactory.class, name = {"slaveConnectionFactory", "masterConnectionFactory"})
public class MasterDeadQueueSubscribeProcessor {private final ConnectionFactory masterConnectionFactory;private final ConnectionFactory slaveConnectionFactory;public MasterDeadQueueSubscribeProcessor(@Qualifier(value = "masterConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory masterConnectionFactory,@Qualifier(value = "slaveConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory slaveConnectionFactory) {this.masterConnectionFactory = masterConnectionFactory;this.slaveConnectionFactory = slaveConnectionFactory;}/*** 消费死信队列信息，并且转发到其他mq*/@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 10 * 1000)public void subscribeMasterDeadQueue() throws IOException, TimeoutException {// 根据id 动态生成队列名称// 此处的queueIdList可以从第三方缓存查询得到，并且和sendDelayMsg接口保持同步刷新，此处先用本地缓存代替，id同步刷新机制不是重点，此处暂不讨论for (Integer id : QueueIdListConfig.QUEUE_ID_LIST) {String queueNameTemplate = DeclareQueueName.QUEUE_NAME_TEMPLATE.getQueueName();String deadQueueName = MessageFormat.format(queueNameTemplate, id) + DeclareQueueName.DEAD_QUEUE_NAME_SUFFIX.getQueueName();try (Connection connection = masterConnectionFactory.createConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel(false)){AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk queueDeclare = channel.queueDeclare(deadQueueName, true, false, false, null);if (queueDeclare.getConsumerCount() == 0) {channel.exchangeDeclare(DeclareQueueExchange.DEAD_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);}channel.queueBind(deadQueueName, DeclareQueueExchange.DEAD_EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), deadQueueName);channel.basicConsume(deadQueueName, false, new MasterDeadQueueConsumer(channel, slaveConnectionFactory));}}}}

创建定时任务，消费slave队列的消息

package com.wd.mq.quartz;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueExchange;
import com.wd.config.DeclareQueueName;
import com.wd.config.QueueIdListConfig;
import com.wd.mq.consumer.SlaveQueueConsumer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.Connection;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;@Configuration
@ConditionalOnBean(value = ConnectionFactory.class, name = "slaveConnectionFactory")
public class SlaveQueueSubscribeProcessor {private final ConnectionFactory slaveConnectionFactory;public SlaveQueueSubscribeProcessor(@Qualifier(value = "slaveConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory slaveConnectionFactory) {this.slaveConnectionFactory = slaveConnectionFactory;}/*** 消费队列信息*/@Scheduled(fixedDelay = 10 * 1000)public void subscribeSlaveDeadQueue() throws IOException, TimeoutException {// 根据id 动态生成队列名称// 此处的queueIdList可以从第三方缓存查询得到，并且和sendDelayMsg接口保持同步刷新，此处先用本地缓存代替for (Integer id : QueueIdListConfig.QUEUE_ID_LIST) {String queueNameTemplate = DeclareQueueName.QUEUE_NAME_TEMPLATE.getQueueName();String queueName = MessageFormat.format(queueNameTemplate, id);try (Connection connection = slaveConnectionFactory.createConnection();Channel channel = connection.createChannel(false)){AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk queueDeclare = channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);if (queueDeclare.getConsumerCount() == 0) {channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new SlaveQueueConsumer(channel));}channel.exchangeDeclare(DeclareQueueExchange.EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);channel.queueBind(queueName, DeclareQueueExchange.EXCHANGE.getExchangeName(), queueName);}}}}

启动项目

请求接口发送消息 http://localhost:8080/sendDelayMsg

检查消息传递过程

先在master-mq延迟队列发现消息

再到master-mq死信队列中发现消息

再到slave-mq中发现消息

检查日志打印

发现SlaveQueueConsumer打印如下日志：

结论

消息传递流程如下，验证通过

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