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Nginx实战

news 2025/8/26 19:04:39

虚拟主机

虚拟主机指的就是⼀个独⽴的站点，具有独⽴的域名，有完整的www服务，例如⽹站、FTP、邮件等。Nginx⽀持多虚拟主机，在⼀台机器上可以运⾏完全独⽴的多个站点。⼀些草根流量站⻓，常会搭建个⼈站点进⾏资源分享交流，并且可能有多个不同业务的站点，如果每台服务器只运⾏⼀个⽹站，那么将造成资源浪费，成本浪费。利⽤虚拟主机的功能，就不⽤为了运⾏⼀个⽹站⽽单独配置⼀个Nginx服务器，或是单独再运⾏⼀组Nginx进程。虚拟主机可以在⼀台服务器，同⼀个Nginx进程上运⾏多个⽹站。

搭建网站

搭建一个静态网站，修改nginx.conf，⾃上⽽下找到第⼀个server{}指令块，修改如下

 server {listen 80;server_name localhost;#默认编码charset utf-8;# access_log logs/host.access.log  main;location / {#定义虚拟主机的资源目录,无论win或linux都要写成正斜杠root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new;#定义首页文件的名字index index.html index.htm;}}

执行命令

// 检查配置是否正确
nginx -t
// 启动
nginx
// 重新加载Nginx配置文件
nginx -s reload

准备资源

访问localhost

访问静态资源

nginx⽀持gzip对资源压缩传输，经过gzip压缩后的⻚⾯⼤⼩可以为原本的30%甚⾄更⼩，⽤户浏览体验会快很多


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;// 开启压缩gzip on;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 4;gzip_types text/plain application/javascriptapplication/x-javascript text/css application/xmltext/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gifimage/png;server {listen 80;server_name localhost;#默认编码charset utf-8;# access_log logs/host.access.log  main;location / {#定义虚拟主机的资源目录,无论win或linux都要写成正斜杠root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new;#定义首页文件的名字index index.html index.htm;}}}

目录游览功能

修改nginx.conf支持游览目录


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;# gzip on;#第一个虚拟主机server {#监听的端口和iplisten 80;#主机域名server_name www.test1.com;charset utf-8;access_log logs/host.access.log;#url匹配location / {#HTML文件存放的目录root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web2;#开启目录索引功能autoindex on;#关闭详细文件大小统计，让文件大小显示MB，GB单位，默认为b； autoindex_exact_size off;#开启以服务器本地时区显示文件修改日期！  autoindex_localtime on;        }}}

访问

基于IP多虚拟主机

修改 nginx.conf ⽀持多虚拟主机


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;gzip on;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 4;gzip_types text/plain application/javascriptapplication/x-javascript text/css application/xmltext/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gifimage/png;#第一个虚拟主机server {#监听的端⼝和iplisten 127.0.0.1:80;#主机域名server_name 127.0.0.1;charset utf-8;access_log logs/host.access.log;#url匹配location / {#HTML文件存放的目录root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web1;#默认首页文件，从左往右寻找，index.html或是index.htmindex index.html index.htm;}}#第二个虚拟主机server {listen 192.168.52.100:80;server_name 192.168.52.100;location / {index index.html index.htm;root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web2;}}
}

执行命令

#重载nginx
nginx -s reload

访问站点一

访问站点二

基于域名多虚拟主机

基于多IP的虚拟主机可能会造成IP地址不⾜的问题，如果没有特殊需求，更常⽤的是基于多域名的形式。只需要你单独配置DNS服务器，将主机名对应到正确的IP地址，修改Nginx配置，可以识别到不同的主机即可，这样就可以使得多个虚拟主机⽤同⼀个IP，解决了IP不足的隐患。

打开C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc，配置域名。

修改 nginx.conf ⽀持多域名的虚拟主机


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;gzip on;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 4;gzip_types text/plain application/javascriptapplication/x-javascript text/css application/xmltext/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gifimage/png;#第一个虚拟主机server {#监听的端?和iplisten 80;#主机域名server_name www.test1.com;charset utf-8;access_log logs/host.access.log;#url匹配location / {#HTML文件存放的目录root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web1;#默认首页文件，从左往右寻找，index.html或是index.htmindex index.html index.htm;}}#第二个虚拟主机server {listen 80;server_name www.test2.com;location / {index index.html index.htm;root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web2;}}
}

执行命令

#重载nginx
nginx -s reload

访问域名1

访问域名2

基于端口多虚拟机

基于端⼝的配置在⽣产环境⽐较少⻅，⽤于特殊场景，例如公司内部测试平台⽹站，使⽤特殊端⼝的后台，OA 系统、⽹站后台， CRM 后台等。

修改nginx.conf⽀持多域名的虚拟主机


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;gzip on;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 4;gzip_types text/plain application/javascriptapplication/x-javascript text/css application/xmltext/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gifimage/png;#第一个虚拟主机server {#监听的端口和iplisten 80;#主机域名server_name www.test1.com;charset utf-8;access_log logs/host.access.log;#url匹配location / {#HTML文件存放的目录root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web1;#默认首页文件，从左往右寻找，index.html或是index.htmindex index.html index.htm;}}#第二个虚拟主机server {listen 81;server_name www.test1.com;location / {index index.html index.htm;root C:/Users/zhang/Desktop/new/web2;}}
}

执行命令