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JavaWeb开发-05-SpringBootWeb请求响应

news 2025/8/26 23:54:57

 

一.请求

1.Postman


2.简单参数

​

package com.wjh.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/**   测试请求参数接受*/
@RestController
public class RequestController {//    //原始方式
//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){
//        //获取请求参数
//        String name = request.getParameter("name");
//        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
//
//        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
//        System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");
//
//        return "OK!";
//    }//springboot 方式@RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam( String name,Integer age){System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");return "OK!";}
}

​

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 GET请求:

 ​

 ​

 POST请求:

 ​

 ​

​

​

​

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package com.wjh.controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/**   测试请求参数接受*/
@RestController
public class RequestController {//    //原始方式
//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){
//        //获取请求参数
//        String name = request.getParameter("name");
//        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
//
//        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
//        System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");
//
//        return "OK!";
//    }//springboot 方式
//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam( String name,Integer age){
//        System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");
//        return "OK!";
//    }@RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam(@RequestParam(name = "name") String username, Integer age){System.out.println(username + ":" + age + ":");return "OK!";}
}

 

 

 

​

3.实体参数

​

 创建一个User类:

package com.wjh.pojo;public class User {private String name;private Integer age;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +'}';}
}

 

​

创建一个Address类

package com.wjh.pojo;public class Address {private String province;    //省private String city;    //市public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public String getCity() {return city;}public void setCity(String city) {this.city = city;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Address{" +"province='" + province + '\'' +", city='" + city + '\'' +'}';}
}


package com.wjh.controller;import com.wjh.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/**   测试请求参数接受*/
@RestController
public class RequestController {//    //原始方式
//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){
//        //获取请求参数
//        String name = request.getParameter("name");
//        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
//
//        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
//        System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");
//
//        return "OK!";
//    }//springboot 方式
//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam( String name,Integer age){
//        System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");
//        return "OK!";
//    }//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam(@RequestParam(name = "name", required = false) String username, Integer age){
//        System.out.println(username + ":" + age + ":");
//        return "OK!";
//    }//2.实体参http://localhost:8080/simpleParam数@RequestMapping("/simplePojo")public String simplePojo(User user){System.out.println(user);System.out.println("姓名:" + user.getName());System.out.println("年龄:" + user.getAge());System.out.println("省份:" + user.getAddress().getProvince());System.out.println("城市:" + user.getAddress().getCity());return "YES OK!";}
}

 


 

​

4.数组集合参数

​

//3.数组集合参数@RequestMapping("/arrayParam")public String arrayParam(String[] hobby){System.out.println(hobby);System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobby));return "YES OK!";}

​

//集合参数@RequestMapping("/listParam")public String listParam(@RequestParam List<String> hobby){System.out.println(hobby);return "YES OK!";}

​


5.日期参数

​

 


6.Json参数

​

//6.json参数@RequestMapping("/jsonParam")//@DateTimeFormat -> 指定时间传递的参数格式public String jsonParam(@RequestBody User user){System.out.println(user);return "YES OK!";}
{"name": "小黑子","age": 18,"address": {"province": "江西","city": "南昌"}
}


7.路径参数

​

 

 

 

 

package com.wjh.controller;import com.wjh.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;/**   测试请求参数接受*/
@RestController
public class RequestController {//    //原始方式
//    @RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")
//    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){
//        //获取请求参数
//        String name = request.getParameter("name");
//        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
//
//        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
//        System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");
//
//        return "OK!";
//    }//springboot 方式@RequestMapping ("/simpleParam")public String simpleParam( String name,Integer age){System.out.println(name + ":" + age + ":");return "OK!";}@RequestMapping ("/simpleParamF")public String simpleParamF(@RequestParam(name = "name", required = false) String username, Integer age){System.out.println(username + ":" + age + ":");return "OK!";}//2.实体参http://localhost:8080/simpleParam数@RequestMapping("/simplePojo")public String simplePojo(User user){System.out.println(user);System.out.println("姓名:" + user.getName());System.out.println("年龄:" + user.getAge());System.out.println("省份:" + user.getAddress().getProvince());System.out.println("城市:" + user.getAddress().getCity());return "YES OK!";}//3.数组参数@RequestMapping("/arrayParam")public String arrayParam(String[] hobby){System.out.println(hobby);System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobby));return "YES OK!";}//4.集合参数@RequestMapping("/listParam")public String listParam(@RequestParam List<String> hobby){System.out.println(hobby);return "YES OK!";}//5.日期时间参数//http://localhost:8080/dateParam?updateTime=2023-09-18 09:12:30@RequestMapping("/dateParam")//@DateTimeFormat -> 指定时间传递的参数格式public String dateParam(@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") LocalDateTime updateTime){System.out.println(updateTime);return "YES OK!";}//6.json参数@RequestMapping("/jsonParam")//@DateTimeFormat -> 指定时间传递的参数格式public String jsonParam(@RequestBody User user){System.out.println(user);return "YES OK!";}//7.路径参数@RequestMapping("/path/{id}")//@DateTimeFormat -> 指定时间传递的参数格式public String pathParam(@PathVariable Integer id){System.out.println(id);return "YES OK!";}//8.路径参数//@DateTimeFormat -> 指定时间传递的参数格式@RequestMapping("/path/{id}/{name}")public String pathParam2(@PathVariable Integer id, @PathVariable String name){System.out.println(id);System.out.println(name);return "YES OK!";}}

​

​


二.响应

​

package com.wjh.controller;import com.wjh.pojo.Address;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*测试响应数据*/
@RestController
public class ResponseController {@RequestMapping("/hello")public String hello(){System.out.println("Hello word!");return "Hello word!";}@RequestMapping("/getAddress")public Address getAddress(){Address address = new Address();address.setProvince("江西");address.setCity("南昌");System.out.println(address.getProvince() + "\n" + address.getCity());return address;}@RequestMapping("/listAddress")public List<Address> listAddress(){List<Address> list = new ArrayList<>();Address address = new Address();address.setProvince("江西");address.setCity("南昌");Address address2 = new Address();address2.setProvince("广东");address2.setCity("深圳");list.add(address);list.add(address2);for (Address lists: list) {System.out.println(lists);}return list;}}

 

​

package com.wjh.pojo;/*** 统一响应结果封装类*/
public class Result {private Integer code ;//1 成功 , 0 失败private String msg; //提示信息private Object data; //数据 datapublic Result() {}public Result(Integer code, String msg, Object data) {this.code = code;this.msg = msg;this.data = data;}public Integer getCode() {return code;}public void setCode(Integer code) {this.code = code;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}public Object getData() {return data;}public void setData(Object data) {this.data = data;}public static Result success(Object data){return new Result(1, "success", data);}public static Result success(){return new Result(1, "success", null);}public static Result error(String msg){return new Result(0, msg, null);}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Result{" +"code=" + code +", msg='" + msg + '\'' +", data=" + data +'}';}
}

​

 

结果是一样的,提高了实用性

​

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​

Springboot项目的静态资源(html，css，js等前端资源)默认存放目录为：

                        classpath:/static 、 classpath:/public、 classpath:/resources

​

package com.wjh.utils;import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class XmlParserUtils {public static <T> List<T> parse(String file , Class<T> targetClass)  {ArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<T>(); //封装解析出来的数据try {//1.获取一个解析器对象SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();//2.利用解析器把xml文件加载到内存中,并返回一个文档对象Document document = saxReader.read(new File(file));//3.获取到根标签Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();//4.通过根标签来获取 user 标签List<Element> elements = rootElement.elements("emp");//5.遍历集合,得到每一个 user 标签for (Element element : elements) {//获取 name 属性String name = element.element("name").getText();//获取 age 属性String age = element.element("age").getText();//获取 image 属性String image = element.element("image").getText();//获取 gender 属性String gender = element.element("gender").getText();//获取 job 属性String job = element.element("job").getText();//组装数据Constructor<T> constructor = targetClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, String.class, String.class);constructor.setAccessible(true);T object = constructor.newInstance(name, Integer.parseInt(age), image, gender, job);list.add(object);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return list;}}


package com.wjh.pojo;public class Emp {private String name;private Integer age;private String image;private String gender;private String job;public Emp() {}public Emp(String name, Integer age, String image, String gender, String job) {this.name = name;this.age = age;this.image = image;this.gender = gender;this.job = job;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public String getImage() {return image;}public void setImage(String image) {this.image = image;}public String getGender() {return gender;}public void setGender(String gender) {this.gender = gender;}public String getJob() {return job;}public void setJob(String job) {this.job = job;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Emp{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +", image='" + image + '\'' +", gender='" + gender + '\'' +", job='" + job + '\'' +'}';}
}


package com.wjh.controller;import com.wjh.pojo.Emp;
import com.wjh.pojo.Result;
import com.wjh.utils.XmlParserUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.List;@RestController
public class EmoController {@RequestMapping("/listEmp")public Result list(){//1.加载并解析emp.xml文件//String file = "D:\\JavaWeb2023\\java_web_project\\springboot-web-req-resp\\src\\main\\resources\\emp.xml";String file = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("emp.xml").getFile();System.out.println(file);List<Emp> empList =  XmlParserUtils.parse(file, Emp.class);//2.对数据进行转换处理 -gender, jobempList.stream().forEach(emp -> {//处理gander 1: 男, 2: 女String gander = emp.getGender();if("1".equals(gander)){emp.setGender("男");}else if("2".equals(gander)){emp.setGender("女");}//处理job - 1:讲师, 2:班主任, 3:就业指导String job = emp.getJob();if("1".equals(job)){emp.setJob("讲师");}else if("2".equals(job)){emp.setJob("班主任");}else if("3".equals(job)){emp.setJob("就业指导");}});//3.响应数据return Result.success(empList);}
}

 

 

​


三.分层解耦

1.三层架构

​

​

​

​

 

package com.wjh.controller;import com.wjh.pojo.Emp;
import com.wjh.pojo.Result;
import com.wjh.service.EmpService;
import com.wjh.service.impl.EmpServiceA;
import com.wjh.utils.XmlParserUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.List;@RestController
public class EmoController {private EmpService empService = new EmpServiceA();@RequestMapping("/listEmp")public Result list() {//1.调用service,获取数据List<Emp> empList = empService.listEmp();//3.响应数据return Result.success(empList);}
}//    //1.加载并解析emp.xml文件
//
//    //String file = "D:\\JavaWeb2023\\java_web_project\\springboot-web-req-resp\\src\\main\\resources\\emp.xml";
//    String file = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("emp.xml").getFile();
//        System.out.println(file);
//    List<Emp> empList =  XmlParserUtils.parse(file, Emp.class);
//
//    //2.对数据进行转换处理 -gender, job
//        empList.stream().forEach(emp -> {
//        //处理gander 1: 男, 2: 女
//        String gander = emp.getGender();
//        if("1".equals(gander)){
//            emp.setGender("男");
//        }else if("2".equals(gander)){
//            emp.setGender("女");
//        }
//
//        //处理job - 1:讲师, 2:班主任, 3:就业指导
//        String job = emp.getJob();
//        if("1".equals(job)){
//            emp.setJob("讲师");
//        }else if("2".equals(job)){
//            emp.setJob("班主任");
//        }else if("3".equals(job)){
//            emp.setJob("就业指导");
//        }
//
//    });

package com.wjh.Dao.impl;import com.wjh.Dao.EmpDao;
import com.wjh.pojo.Emp;
import com.wjh.utils.XmlParserUtils;import java.util.List;public class EmoDaoA implements EmpDao {@Overridepublic List<Emp> listEmp() {String file = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("emp.xml").getFile();System.out.println(file);List<Emp> empList =  XmlParserUtils.parse(file, Emp.class);return empList;}
}

 

package com.wjh.Dao;import com.wjh.pojo.Emp;import java.util.List;public interface EmpDao {//获取员工列表数据public List<Emp> listEmp();
}


package com.wjh.pojo;public class Emp {private String name;private Integer age;private String image;private String gender;private String job;public Emp() {}public Emp(String name, Integer age, String image, String gender, String job) {this.name = name;this.age = age;this.image = image;this.gender = gender;this.job = job;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public String getImage() {return image;}public void setImage(String image) {this.image = image;}public String getGender() {return gender;}public void setGender(String gender) {this.gender = gender;}public String getJob() {return job;}public void setJob(String job) {this.job = job;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Emp{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", age=" + age +", image='" + image + '\'' +", gender='" + gender + '\'' +", job='" + job + '\'' +'}';}
}


package com.wjh.service.impl;import com.wjh.Dao.EmpDao;
import com.wjh.Dao.impl.EmoDaoA;
import com.wjh.pojo.Emp;
import com.wjh.service.EmpService;import java.util.List;public class EmpServiceA implements EmpService {private EmpDao empDao = new EmoDaoA();@Overridepublic List<Emp> listEmp() {//1.调用dao,获取数据List<Emp> empList = empDao.listEmp();//2.对数据进行转换处理 -gender, jobempList.stream().forEach(emp -> {//处理gander 1: 男, 2: 女String gander = emp.getGender();if("1".equals(gander)){emp.setGender("男");}else if("2".equals(gander)){emp.setGender("女");}//处理job - 1:讲师, 2:班主任, 3:就业指导String job = emp.getJob();if("1".equals(job)){emp.setJob("讲师");}else if("2".equals(job)){emp.setJob("班主任");}else if("3".equals(job)){emp.setJob("就业指导");}});return empList;}
}

 

package com.wjh.service;import com.wjh.pojo.Emp;import java.util.List;public interface EmpService {//获取员工列表public List<Emp> listEmp();}


2.分层解耦

​

​

​

​

控制反转：

        Inversion Of Control，简称IOC。对象的创建控制权由程序自身转移到外部（容器），这种思想称为控制反转。


依赖注入：

        Dependency Injection，简称DI。容器为应用程序提供运行时，所依赖的资源，称之为依赖注入。


Bean对象：

        IOC容器中创建、管理的对象，称之为bean。


3.IOC & DI入门

​

​

 

 @Component     //将当前类交给IOC容器管理,成为IOC容器中的bean

@Autowired         //运行时,IOC容器会提供该类型的bean对象,并复制给改变量 - 依赖注入

 

​

 

 

​

 

4.IOC详解

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​

 

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5.DI详解

​

@Primary        -->         在又多个相同bean情况下,想用的实现方法上加这个注解


@Qualifier       -->         @Qualifier("A") 或者@Qualifier ("B")


@Resource     -->         不属于springboot,属于JDK当中的,加在private EmpDao empDao 上

​

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