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Python UI自动化 —— pytest常用运行参数解析、pytest执行顺序解析

news 2025/8/4 6:39:29

pytest常用Console参数：

-v 用于显示每个测试函数的执行结果
-q 只显示整体测试结果
-s 用于显示测试函数中print()函数输出
-x 在第一个错误或失败的测试中立即退出
-m 只运行带有装饰器配置的测试用例
-k 通过表达式运行指定的测试用例
-h 帮助

首先来看什么参数都没加的运行情况

class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2def test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2def test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main()============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\Users\72036454\Desktop\pythonProject\Base
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.45
collected 3 itemstest_page.py FF.                                                         [100%]================================== FAILURES ===================================

-v 用于显示每个测试函数的执行结果

用于打印显示每条用例的执行情况

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2def test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2def test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v'])============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0 -- D:\Users\72036454\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: D:\Users\72036454\Desktop\pythonProject\Base
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.45
collecting ... collected 3 itemstest_page.py::TestClass::test_zne FAILED                                 [ 33%]
test_page.py::TestClass::test_two FAILED                                 [ 66%]
test_page.py::TestClass::test_a PASSED                                   [100%]================================== FAILURES ===================================

-q 只显示整体测试结果

简化测试整体结果。F：代表测试失败、.：代表测试通过

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2def test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2def test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-q'])FF.                                                                      [100%]
================================== FAILURES ===================================

-s 用于显示测试函数中print()函数输出

显示测试用例中 print() 中的值

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2def test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2def test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-s'])============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\Users\72036454\Desktop\pythonProject\Base
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.45
collected 3 itemstest_page.py 1
F2
F3
.================================== FAILURES ===================================

-x 在第一个错误或失败的测试中立即退出

第一条用例执行失败，立即退出不在往下执行用例

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2def test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2def test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-x','-s'])============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\Users\72036454\Desktop\pythonProject\Base
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.45
collected 3 itemstest_page.py 1
F================================== FAILURES ===================================

-m 只运行带有装饰器配置的测试用例

用例中，第二和第三条用例加上了装饰器，装饰器最后一个单词分别为“slow” 和 “faster” ，-m 拿着两个单词去识别带这个装饰器的用例，识别到就执行，没有识别到的就不执行。

-m后面接的是表达式：['-s','-m slow or faster'] 、['-s','-m slow and faster']、['-s','-m not slow'] 这些表达式都支持。

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2@pytest.mark.slowdef test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2@pytest.mark.fasterdef test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-s','-m slow or faster'])============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\Users\72036454\Desktop\pythonProject\Base
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.45
collected 3 items / 1 deselected / 2 selectedtest_page.py 2
F3
.================================== FAILURES ===================================

-k 通过表达式运行指定的测试用例

通过表达式匹配用例的函数名去执行用例，not test_zne 意思是不执行“test_zne”这条用例，所以就会执行第二第三条。同理 ['-s','-k test_zne'] 表示只执行第一条。

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2@pytest.mark.slowdef test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2@pytest.mark.fasterdef test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-s','-k not test_zne'])============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: D:\Users\72036454\Desktop\pythonProject\Base
plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.45
collected 3 items / 1 deselected / 2 selectedtest_page.py 2
F3
.================================== FAILURES ===================================

-h 帮助

这才是重点，学会使用这个，剩余的都学会了

import pytest
class TestClass():def test_zne(self):print(1)assert 1==2@pytest.mark.slowdef test_two(self):print(2)assert 1==2@pytest.mark.fasterdef test_a(self):print(3)assert 1==1if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-h'])