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Spring整合RabbitMQ-配制文件方式-1-消息生产者

news 2025/8/25 19:25:22

Spring-amqp是对AMQP的一些概念的一些抽象，Spring-rabbit是对RabbitMQ操作的封装实现。

主要有几个核心类RabbitAdmin、RabbitTemplate、SimpleMessageListenerContainer等

RabbitAdmin类完成对Exchange、Queue、Binding的操作，在容器中管理了RabbitAdmin类的时候，可以对Exchange、Queue、Binding进行自动声明。

RabbitTemplate类是发送和接收消息的工具类。

SimpleMessageListenerContainer是消费消息的容器。

目前一些比较新的项目会使用基于注解的方式，而比较老的一些项目可能还是基于配制文件的方式。

此处使用的Spring依赖为:

            <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId><version>2.2.7.RELEASE</version></dependency>

消息的生产者

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePropertiesBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class Product {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-rabbit.xml");RabbitTemplate template = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);MessagePropertiesBuilder propertiesBuilder = MessagePropertiesBuilder.newInstance();propertiesBuilder.setContentEncoding("gbk");propertiesBuilder.setContentType(MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_PLAIN);Message msg = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello world".getBytes("gbk")).andProperties(propertiesBuilder.build()).build();template.convertAndSend("ex.direct", "routing.q1", msg);context.close();}
}

spring-rabbit.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbithttp://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"><!--配制连接工厂--><rabbit:connection-factory id="connectFactory"host="node1" virtual-host="/"username="root" password="123456"port="5672"></rabbit:connection-factory><!--用于自动向RabbitMQ声明队列、交换器、绑定 等操作工具类--><rabbit:admin id="rabbitAdmin" connection-factory="connectFactory"></rabbit:admin><!--用于简化操作的模板类--><rabbit:template connection-factory="connectFactory" id="rabbitTemplate" /><!--声明队列队列--><rabbit:queue id="msg1" name="queue.msg" durable="false" exclusive="false" auto-delete="false" ></rabbit:queue><!--声明交换器--><rabbit:direct-exchange name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false" id="directExchange" ><rabbit:bindings><!--key表示绑定键--><!--queue表示将交换器绑定到哪个消息队列,使用队列换id，不要使用Bean的name--><!--exchange表示交接交换器绑定到哪个交换器。--><rabbit:binding queue="msg1" key="routing.q1" ></rabbit:binding></rabbit:bindings></rabbit:direct-exchange></beans>

运行生产者的代码，便可查看数据已经发送成功

[root@nullnull-os ~]# rabbitmqctl list_exchanges --formatter pretty_table
Listing exchanges for vhost / ...
┌────────────────────┬─────────┐
│ name               │ type    │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.fanout         │ fanout  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ ex.busi.topic      │ topic   │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.rabbitmq.trace │ topic   │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.headers        │ headers │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.topic          │ topic   │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.direct         │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ ex.direct          │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│                    │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ ex.routing         │ direct  │
├────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ amq.match          │ headers │
└────────────────────┴─────────┘
[root@nullnull-os ~]# rabbitmqctl list_bindings --formatter pretty_table
Listing bindings for vhost /...
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────────┬─────────────┬───────────┐
│ source_name │ source_kind │ destination_name │ destination_kind │ routing_key │ arguments │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────┤
│             │ exchange    │ queue.msg        │ queue            │ queue.msg   │           │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────┼───────────┤
│ ex.direct   │ exchange    │ queue.msg        │ queue            │ routing.q1  │           │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────┴───────────┘
[root@nullnull-os ~]# rabbitmqctl list_queues --formatter pretty_table
Timeout: 60.0 seconds ...
Listing queues for vhost / ...
┌───────────┬──────────┐
│ name      │ messages │
├───────────┼──────────┤
│ queue.msg │ 1        │
└───────────┴──────────┘
[root@nullnull-os ~]#

可以观察到数据已经成功的发送了。

遇到的问题：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.BindingFactoryBean#0': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'queue.msg' while setting bean property 'destinationQueue'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'queue.msg' availableat org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:342)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:113)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1699)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1444)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:594)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:876)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:144)at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:85)at com.nullnull.learn.Product.main(Product.java:18)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'queue.msg' availableat org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:814)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1282)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:297)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:330)... 15 more

问题原因：

    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false" id="directExchange" ><rabbit:bindings><rabbit:binding queue="queue.msg" key="routing.q1" ></rabbit:binding></rabbit:bindings></rabbit:direct-exchange>

此处要配制的是队列的id，而不是队列的名称。

修改后:

 <!--声明交换器--><rabbit:direct-exchange name="ex.direct" durable="false" auto-delete="false" id="directExchange" ><rabbit:bindings><!--key表示绑定键--><!--queue表示将交换器绑定到哪个消息队列,使用队列换id，不要使用Bean的name--><!--exchange表示交接交换器绑定到哪个交换器。--><rabbit:binding queue="msg1" key="routing.q1" ></rabbit:binding></rabbit:bindings></rabbit:direct-exchange>