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ASP.NET Core 中的两种 Web API

news 2025/7/14 1:12:53

ASP.NET Core 有两种创建 RESTful Web API 的方式：

基于 Controller，使用完整的基于ControllerBase的基类定义接口endpoints。
基于 Minimal APIs，使用Lambda表达式定义接口 endpoints。

基于 Controller 的 Web API 可以使用构造函数注入，或者属性注入，遵循面向对象模式。
基于 Minimal APIs 的 Web API 通过 service provider 使用注入。

基于Controller 的 Web API 例子：

namespace APIWithControllers;
public class Program
{public static void Main(string[] args){var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);builder.Services.AddControllers();var app = builder.Build();app.UseHttpsRedirection();app.MapControllers();app.Run();}
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;namespace APIWithControllers.Controllers;
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
{private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]{"Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"};private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger;public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger){_logger = logger;}[HttpGet(Name = "GetWeatherForecast")]public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get(){return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast{Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)]}).ToArray();}
}

基于 Minimal APIs 的 Web API 例子：

namespace MinimalAPI;public class Program
{public static void Main(string[] args){var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);var app = builder.Build();app.UseHttpsRedirection();var summaries = new[]{"Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"};app.MapGet("/weatherforecast", (HttpContext httpContext) =>{var forecast = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index =>new WeatherForecast{Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),Summary = summaries[Random.Shared.Next(summaries.Length)]}).ToArray();return forecast;});app.Run();}
}