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Three.js之几何体、高光材质、渲染器设置、gui

news 2025/8/18 22:32:35

参考资料

  • 阵列立方体和相机适配体验
  • Threejs常见几何体简介
  • …
  • gui.js库(可视化改变三维场景)

知识点

注：基于Three.jsv0.155.0

  • 长方体：oxGeometry
  • 球体：SphereGeometry
  • 圆柱：CylinderGeometry
  • 矩形平面：PlaneGeometry
  • 圆形平面：CircleGeometry
  • 高光网格材质：MeshPhongMaterial（shininess、specular）
  • WebGL渲染器设置：antialias 、setPixelRatio、setClearColor
  • gui.js库：add、addColor、addFolder、name、step、onChange
  • 关键词搜索examples：Find in Folder

代码实现

阵列立方体

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Three.js</title>
</head><body></body><!-- 具体路径配置，你根据自己文件目录设置，我的是课件中源码形式 --><script type="importmap">{"imports": {"three": "./js/three.module.js","three/addons/": "../three.js/examples/jsm/"}}</script><script type="module">import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';const width = 800const height = 500// 场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();// 几何体const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 100, 100);// 材质 // MeshBasicMaterial：不受光// MeshLambertMaterial：受光const material = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x00ffff, //设置材质颜色transparent: true,//开启透明opacity: 0.8,//设置透明度});for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {for (let j = 0; j < 10; j++) {const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material); //网格模型对象Mesh// 在XOZ平面上分布mesh.position.set(i * 200, 0, j * 200);scene.add(mesh); //网格模型添加到场景中  }}// 坐标系const axes = new THREE.AxesHelper(200);scene.add(axes);// 点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight( 0xffffff, 1.0, 0, 0);pointLight.position.set(2000, 2000, 2000 );scene.add( pointLight );// 环境光const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight( 0xffffff, 0.2);scene.add( ambientLight );// 相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(60, width / height, 1, 8000);// camera.position.set(292, 223, 185);//在原来相机位置基础上拉远，可以观察到更大的范围camera.position.set(2000, 2000, 2000);camera.lookAt(1000, 0, 1000);// 渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();renderer.setSize(width, height);renderer.render(scene, camera);document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.target.set(1000, 0, 1000);controls.update();controls.addEventListener('change', () => {renderer.render(scene, camera);});</script>
</html>

常见几何体

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Three.js</title>
</head><body></body><!-- 具体路径配置，你根据自己文件目录设置，我的是课件中源码形式 --><script type="importmap">{"imports": {"three": "./js/three.module.js","three/addons/": "../three.js/examples/jsm/"}}</script><script type="module">import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';const width = 800const height = 500// 场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();// 几何体：// 正方体// const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 100, 100);// 球体// const geometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(100);// 圆锥体// const geometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(50, 100, 100);// 正方形平面// const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(100, 100);// 圆形平面const geometry = new THREE.CircleGeometry(100);// 材质const material = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x00ff00,transparent: true,opacity: 0.8,side: THREE.DoubleSide, //两面可见});// 网格模型：物体const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);mesh.position.set(0, 0, 0);scene.add(mesh);// 坐标系const axes = new THREE.AxesHelper(200);scene.add(axes);// 点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight( 0xffffff, 1.0, 0, 0);pointLight.position.set(2000, 2000, 2000 );scene.add( pointLight );// 环境光const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight( 0xffffff, 0.2);scene.add( ambientLight );// 相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, width/height, 0.1, 1000);camera.position.set(200, 200, 200);camera.lookAt(scene.position);// 渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();renderer.setSize(width, height);renderer.render(scene, camera);document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.addEventListener('change', () => {renderer.render(scene, camera);});</script>
</html>

高光网格材质

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Three.js</title>
</head><body></body><!-- 具体路径配置，你根据自己文件目录设置，我的是课件中源码形式 --><script type="importmap">{"imports": {"three": "./js/three.module.js","three/addons/": "../three.js/examples/jsm/"}}</script><script type="module">import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';const width = 800const height = 500// 场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();// 几何体：// 球体// const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 100, 100);const geometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(100);// 材质const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({color: 0x00ff00,shininess: 80, //高光部分的亮度，默认30specular: 0x444444, //高光部分的颜色});// 网格模型：物体const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);mesh.position.set(0, 0, 0);scene.add(mesh);// 坐标系const axes = new THREE.AxesHelper(200);scene.add(axes);// 点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight( 0xffffff, 1.0, 0, 0);pointLight.position.set(2000, 2000, 2000 );scene.add( pointLight );// 环境光const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight( 0xffffff, 0.2);scene.add( ambientLight );// 相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, width/height, 0.1, 1000);camera.position.set(200, 200, 200);camera.lookAt(scene.position);// 渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();renderer.setSize(width, height);renderer.render(scene, camera);document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.addEventListener('change', () => {renderer.render(scene, camera);});</script>
</html>

WebGL渲染器设置

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Three.js</title>
</head><body></body><!-- 具体路径配置，你根据自己文件目录设置，我的是课件中源码形式 --><script type="importmap">{"imports": {"three": "./js/three.module.js","three/addons/": "../three.js/examples/jsm/"}}</script><script type="module">import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';const width = 800const height = 500// 场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();// 几何体：// 球体const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 100, 100);// 材质const material = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x00ff00, //设置材质颜色transparent: true,//开启透明opacity: 0.8,//设置透明度});// 网格模型：物体const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);mesh.position.set(0, 0, 0);scene.add(mesh);// 坐标系const axes = new THREE.AxesHelper(200);scene.add(axes);// 点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight( 0xffffff, 1.0, 0, 0);pointLight.position.set(2000, 2000, 2000 );scene.add( pointLight );// 环境光const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight( 0xffffff, 0.2);scene.add( ambientLight );// 相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, width/height, 0.1, 1000);camera.position.set(200, 200, 200);camera.lookAt(scene.position);// 渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias: true});// 设置设备比，固定写法renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);// 设置背景色renderer.setClearColor(0x444444, 1);// 设置渲染器的尺寸renderer.setSize(width, height);renderer.render(scene, camera);document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.addEventListener('change', () => {renderer.render(scene, camera);});</script>
</html>

gui.js库

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Three.js</title>
</head><body></body><!-- 具体路径配置，你根据自己文件目录设置，我的是课件中源码形式 --><script type="importmap">{"imports": {"three": "./js/three.module.js","three/addons/": "../three.js/examples/jsm/"}}</script><script type="module">import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';import { GUI } from 'three/addons/libs/lil-gui.module.min.js';const width = 800const height = 500const gui = new GUI();gui.domElement.style.right = '0px';gui.domElement.style.width = '300px';// 场景const scene = new THREE.Scene();// 几何体：// 球体const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(100, 100, 100);// 材质const material = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x00ff00, //设置材质颜色transparent: true,//开启透明opacity: 0.8,//设置透明度});console.log('🚀 ~ file: 1.19gui.js库(可视化改变三维场景).html:42 ~ material:', material)// 网格模型：物体const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);mesh.position.set(0, 0, 0);scene.add(mesh);// 坐标系const axes = new THREE.AxesHelper(200);scene.add(axes);// 点光源const pointLight = new THREE.PointLight( 0xffffff, 1.0, 0, 0);pointLight.position.set(2000, 2000, 2000 );scene.add( pointLight );// 环境光const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight( 0xffffff, 0.2);scene.add( ambientLight );// 相机const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, width/height, 0.1, 1000);camera.position.set(200, 200, 200);camera.lookAt(scene.position);// 渲染器const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias: true});// 设置设备比，固定写法renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);// 设置背景色renderer.setClearColor(0x444444, 1);// 设置渲染器的尺寸renderer.setSize(width, height);renderer.render(scene, camera);document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);// 控制器const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);controls.addEventListener('change', () => {renderer.render(scene, camera);});var guiObj = {color: '0xffffff',obj: {左: -100,中: 0,右: 200},bool: false,}// 动画渲染// 跟踪时间function render() {requestAnimationFrame(render);guiObj.bool && (mesh.rotation.y += 0.01);renderer.render(scene, camera);}render();const ambientFoloer = gui.addFolder('环境光');ambientFoloer.close();// gui动态改变光的强度ambientFoloer.add(ambientLight, 'intensity', 0, 2).name('环境光强度');const materialFoloer = gui.addFolder('材料');materialFoloer.close();// gui动态改变材料颜色materialFoloer.addColor(guiObj, 'color').name('材料颜色').onChange(function (value) {  mesh.material.color.set(value)});const meshFoloer = gui.addFolder('物体');meshFoloer.close();// gui动态改变材料颜色meshFoloer.add(mesh.position, 'y', [-100, 0 ,200]).name('物体y轴');// gui动态改变材料颜色meshFoloer.add(mesh.position, 'x',  {左: -100,中: 0,右: 200}).name('物体x轴');meshFoloer.add(mesh.position, 'x', 0, 100).step(2);meshFoloer.add(mesh.position, 'y', 0, 100);meshFoloer.add(mesh.position, 'z', 0, 100);meshFoloer.add(guiObj, 'bool').name('是否旋转');</script>
</html>
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