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Linux环境下python连接Oracle教程

news 2025/7/2 9:55:32

下载Oracle client需要的安装包

rpm包下载地址：Oracle官方下载地址

选择系统版本

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选择Oracle版本

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下载3个rpm安装包

oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm
oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm

分别安装

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.i386.rpm

mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64/network/admin

vim ~/.bash_profile; 或者 /etc/profile 等等

export  ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64
export  TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib 
export  LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export  NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.utf8
export  PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

source ~/.bashrc
输入sqlplus命令测试：
[sun@node01 ~] sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 18 20:21:38 2023

一个批量安装的脚本

python 安装cx_oracle

cx_Oracle是一个用于Python的第三方库，提供了与Oracle数据库进行交互的功能。可以在python中用cx_Oracle来连接Oracle数据库。

在线安装

pip3 install cx_Oracle

离线安装

pip3 download cx_Oracle# 在有网络的环境下载到指定目录pip3 install /xxxx/cx_Oracle-8.3.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl#复制到其他服务器上安装

编写脚本进行测试

vim oracle_test.py 输入以下内容：

import cx_Oracle# 连接Oracle
connection = cx_Oracle.connect(user="用户名", password="密码", dsn="主机名:端口号/服务名")# 创建游标
cursor = connection.cursor()# 执行SQL
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM 表名")# 获取查询结果
result = cursor.fetchall()# 打印查询结果
for row in result:print(row)# 关闭游标和连接
cursor.close()
connection.close()

批量安装脚本

下面是一个批量执行上面安装命令的shell脚本

#!/bin/bashservers=" 服务器1 服务器2 ....."
env_path="xxxxx"
for server in ${servers}
doecho "正在连接服务器 $server"ssh $server "rpm -ivh /xxxxx/oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm"ssh $server "rpm -ivh /xxxxx/oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm"ssh $server "rpm -ivh /xxxxx/oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm"# envssh $server "echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.2/client64' >> ${env_path}"ssh $server "echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> ${env_path}"ssh $server "echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib' >> ${env_path}"ssh $server "echo 'export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8' >> ${env_path}"ssh $server "echo 'export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.utf8' >> ${env_path}"ssh $server "echo 'export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin' >> ${env_path}"# source ssh $server "source ${env_path}"# cx_oraclessh $server "pip3 install /xxxxx/cx_Oracle-8.3.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl"echo "服务器 $server 安装完成"
doneecho "批量安装完成"