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rust学习-tokio::time

news 2025/7/28 9:50:22

示例

use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::{task, time::interval};#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {let mut interval = interval(Duration::from_secs(1));let handle = task::spawn(async move {loop {interval.tick().await;println!("tick");}});handle.await.unwrap();
}

interval和sleep的区别

tick周期大于异步任务周期

use tokio::time;
use chrono::{DateTime, Local};async fn task_that_takes_a_second() {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(2)).await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));
}#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {let mut interval = time::interval(time::Duration::from_secs(3));for _i in 0..5 {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));interval.tick().await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time mid is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));task_that_takes_a_second().await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));}
}

Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:48
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:46:48 // 第一次，立即触发
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:48
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:50
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:50Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:50
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:46:51 // 距离上一次3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:51
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:53
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:53Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:53
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:46:54 // 距离上一次3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:54
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:56
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:56Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:56
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:46:57  // 距离上一次3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:57
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:59
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:46:59Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:46:59
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:47:00 // 距离上一次3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:47:00
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:47:02
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:47:02

tick周期小于异步任务周期

use tokio::time;
use chrono::{DateTime, Local};async fn task_that_takes_a_second() {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(5)).await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));
}#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {let mut interval = time::interval(time::Duration::from_secs(3));for _i in 0..5 {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));interval.tick().await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time mid is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));task_that_takes_a_second().await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));}
}

Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:24
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:51:24
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:24
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:29
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:29Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:29
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:51:29 // 举例上一次超过3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:29
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:34
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:34Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:34
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:51:34  // 举例上一次超过3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:34
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:39
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:39Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:39
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:51:39  // 举例上一次超过3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:39
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:44
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:44Current main time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:44
Current main time mid is: 2023-08-11 13:51:44  // 举例上一次超过3秒
Current task time before is: 2023-08-11 13:51:44
Current task time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:49
Current main time after is: 2023-08-11 13:51:49

timeout

use tokio::time::{timeout, Duration};
use tokio::time;
use chrono::{DateTime, Local};async fn long_future() {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(5)).await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));
}#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {for _i in 0..5 {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));let res = timeout(Duration::from_secs(1), long_future()).await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));if res.is_err() {println!("operation timed out");}}
}

interval_at

pub fn interval_at(start: Instant, period: Duration) -> Interval

use tokio::time::{interval_at, Duration, Instant};
use chrono::{DateTime, Local};#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {let start = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(5);let mut interval = interval_at(start, Duration::from_secs(3)); // 不会立即开始let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time now is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));interval.tick().await; // ticks after 3slet now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time now is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));interval.tick().await; // ticks after 3slet now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time now is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));interval.tick().await; // ticks after 3slet now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time now is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));
}

Current task time now is: 2023-08-11 19:34:30
Current task time now is: 2023-08-11 19:34:35
Current task time now is: 2023-08-11 19:34:38
Current task time now is: 2023-08-11 19:34:41

MissedTickBehavior

use tokio::time;
use chrono::{DateTime, Local};
use tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior;async fn task_that_takes_a_second() {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(5)).await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current task time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));
}#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {let mut interval = time::interval(time::Duration::from_secs(3));interval.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Delay);for _i in 0..5 {let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time before is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));interval.tick().await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time mid is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));task_that_takes_a_second().await;let now: DateTime<Local> = Local::now();println!("Current main time after is: {}", now.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"));}
}

在 Rust 的 tokio 库中，MissedTickBehavior 是一个枚举类型，表示当 Interval 频率计时器在某个周期中错过某个间隔时如何处理。具体来说，它有以下三个变体：

Burst：表示如果错过计时间隔，则会立即执行多个周期，直到被重新赶上。
Delay：表示如果错过计时间隔，则在下一个可用的计时间隔时执行周期。
Skip：表示如果错过计时间隔，则跳过它并继续执行下一个计时间隔的周期。
一般情况下， Burst 和 Delay 会导致执行速率加速，Skip 会导致执行速率降低但保证数据与频率同步。

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {let mut interval_burst = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(5));interval_burst.set_missed_tick_behavior(time::MissedTickBehavior::Burst);let mut interval_delay = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(5));interval_delay.set_missed_tick_behavior(time::MissedTickBehavior::Delay);let mut count_burst = 0;let mut count_delay = 0;// 运行到20000次以上才会看出差异loop {select! {_ = interval_burst.tick() => {count_burst += 1;println!("Burst: tick #{}", count_burst);}_ = interval_delay.tick() => {count_delay += 1;println!("Delay: tick #{}", count_delay);}}}
}