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【博客627】gobgp服务无损变更：graceful restart特性

news 2025/9/12 1:12:36

gobgp服务无损变更：graceful restart特性

场景

当我们的bgp网关在对外宣告bgp路由的时候，如果我们网关有新的特性要发布，那么此时如果把网关停止再启动新版本，此时bgp路由会有短暂撤回再播出的过程，会有网络抖动

期待的行为：无损变更

我们希望bgp网关服务在变更的时候，播出去的路由能够在bgp网关中断时，继续保持一段时间，除非过了这段时间，bgp网关仍无法正常启动，对端网络设备再进行路由撤回

graceful restart特性

  • bgp服务非正常退出时，会启动优雅重启特性，此时路由不会马上撤回
  • bgp服务是被SIGTERM信号终止的时候，则会马上回撤路由

解析：

通过此配置，如果与对等方协商了优雅重启功能，则对等方启动优雅重启帮助程序，当 gobgpd 非自愿死亡或 SIGINT 时，SIGKILL 信号发送到 gobgpd。请注意，当 SIGTERM 信号发送到 gobgpd 时，优雅重启协商的对等点不会启动优雅重启帮助程序，因为 gobgpd 在它死亡之前会向这些对等点发送通知消息

graceful restart演示：gobgp graceful restart example

场景：

192.168.128.132节点与192.168.128.134节点建立bgp连接，132向134宣告路由，同时132会模拟退出后，让134进行路由保持的特性，也即：graceful restart

192.168.128.132节点的bgp config文件：

[global.config]as = 65001router-id = "192.168.128.132"
[[neighbors]][neighbors.config]neighbor-address = "192.168.128.134"peer-as = 65001[neighbors.graceful-restart.config]enabled = truerestart-time = 30[[neighbors.afi-safis]][neighbors.afi-safis.config]afi-safi-name = "ipv4-unicast"[neighbors.afi-safis.mp-graceful-restart.config]enabled = true[neighbors.afi-safis.long-lived-graceful-restart.config]enabled = truerestart-time = 30

192.168.128.134节点的bgp config文件：

[global.config]as = 65001router-id = "192.168.128.134"
[[neighbors]][neighbors.config]neighbor-address = "192.168.128.132"peer-as = 65001[neighbors.graceful-restart.config]enabled = truelong-lived-enabled = truerestart-time = 30notification-enabled = true[[neighbors.afi-safis]][neighbors.afi-safis.config]afi-safi-name = "ipv4-unicast"[neighbors.afi-safis.mp-graceful-restart.config]enabled = true[neighbors.afi-safis.long-lived-graceful-restart.config]enabled = truerestart-time = 30

启动两个bgp server：

sudo ./gobgpd -f bgp-graceful.conf -l debug -p -r

在132上宣告一条路由：./gobgp global rib -a ipv4 add 192.168.3.0/24 origin igp

                  Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=config
INFO[0000] Add a peer configuration                      Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0000] IdleHoldTimer expired                         Duration=0 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0000] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE old=BGP_FSM_IDLE reason=idle-hold-timer-expired
DEBU[0005] try to connect                                Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0005] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT old=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE reason=new-connection
DEBU[0005] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM old=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT reason=open-msg-received
INFO[0005] Peer Up                                       Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM Topic=Peer
DEBU[0005] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED old=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM reason=open-msg-negotiated
DEBU[0005] Now syncing, suppress sending updates. start deferral timer  Duration=360 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Server
DEBU[0005] received update                               Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer attributes="[]" nlri="[]" withdrawals="[]"
DEBU[0005] EOR received                                  AddressFamily=ipv4-unicast Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
INFO[0005] sync finished                                 Topic=Server
DEBU[0005] sent update                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer attributes="[]" nlri="[]" withdrawals="[]"
DEBU[0012] create Destination                            Nlri=192.168.3.0/24 Topic=Table
DEBU[0012] sent update                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer attributes="[{Origin: i}  {Nexthop: 192.168.128.132} {LocalPref: 100}]" nlri="[192.168.3.0/24]" withdrawals="[]"

在134上查看从132邻居学到的路由：

luzejia@luzejia-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ ./gobgp neighbor 192.168.128.132 adj-inID  Network              Next Hop             AS_PATH              Age        Attrs0   192.168.3.0/24       192.168.128.132                           00:00:02   [{Origin: i} {LocalPref: 100}]

使用ctrl + c将bgp server停掉，可以看到做了一些清理现场的行为，让134对端知道你是正常退出，不需要启动优雅重启，直接回撤路由即可

sudo ./gobgpd -f bgp-graceful.conf -l debug -p -r
INFO[0000] gobgpd started                               
INFO[0000] Finished reading the config file              Topic=Config
INFO[0000] Add Peer                                      Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=config
INFO[0000] Add a peer configuration                      Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0000] IdleHoldTimer expired                         Duration=0 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0000] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE old=BGP_FSM_IDLE reason=idle-hold-timer-expired
DEBU[0001] Accepted a new passive connection             Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0001] stop connect loop                             Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0001] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT old=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE reason=new-connection
DEBU[0001] peer has restarted, skipping wait for EOR     Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT Topic=Peer
DEBU[0001] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM old=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT reason=open-msg-received
INFO[0001] Peer Up                                       Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM Topic=Peer
DEBU[0001] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED old=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM reason=open-msg-negotiated
INFO[0001] sync finished                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Server
DEBU[0001] received update                               Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer attributes="[]" nlri="[]" withdrawals="[]"
DEBU[0001] EOR received                                  AddressFamily=ipv4-unicast Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0001] sent update                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer attributes="[]" nlri="[]" withdrawals="[]"
DEBU[0008] create Destination                            Nlri=192.168.3.0/24 Topic=Table
DEBU[0008] sent update                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer attributes="[{Origin: i}  {Nexthop: 192.168.128.132} {LocalPref: 100}]" nlri="[192.168.3.0/24]" withdrawals="[]"
^CINFO[0021] stopping gobgpd server                       
INFO[0021] Delete a peer configuration                   Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
INFO[0021] Peer Down                                     Key=192.168.128.134 Reason=dying State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer
DEBU[0021] freed fsm.h                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer

134上观察路由，发现被回撤：

luzejia@luzejia-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ ./gobgp neighbor 192.168.128.132 adj-in
neighbor 192.168.128.132's BGP session is not established

查看134的日志，原因是识别到了132是peer down，然后回撤路由

INFO[0028] Peer Down                                     Key=192.168.128.132 Reason="notification-received code 6(cease) subcode 3(peer deconfigured)" State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer
DEBU[0028] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_IDLE old=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED reason="notification-received code 6(cease) subcode 3(peer deconfigured)"
DEBU[0028] Removing withdrawals                          Key=192.168.3.0/24 Topic=Table
DEBU[0033] IdleHoldTimer expired                         Duration=5 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0033] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE old=BGP_FSM_IDLE reason=idle-hold-timer-expired

如果使用kill -9来杀掉132上的bgp server

luzejia@luzejia-virtual-machine:~/bgp$ sudo ./gobgpd -f bgp-graceful.conf -l debug -p -r
INFO[0000] gobgpd started                               
INFO[0000] Finished reading the config file              Topic=Config
INFO[0000] Add Peer                                      Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=config
INFO[0000] Add a peer configuration                      Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0000] IdleHoldTimer expired                         Duration=0 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0000] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE old=BGP_FSM_IDLE reason=idle-hold-timer-expired
DEBU[0005] try to connect                                Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0005] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT old=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE reason=new-connection
DEBU[0005] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM old=BGP_FSM_OPENSENT reason=open-msg-received
INFO[0005] Peer Up                                       Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM Topic=Peer
DEBU[0005] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED old=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM reason=open-msg-negotiated
DEBU[0005] Now syncing, suppress sending updates. start deferral timer  Duration=360 Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Server
DEBU[0005] received update                               Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer attributes="[]" nlri="[]" withdrawals="[]"
DEBU[0005] EOR received                                  AddressFamily=ipv4-unicast Key=192.168.128.134 Topic=Peer
INFO[0005] sync finished                                 Topic=Server
DEBU[0005] sent update                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer attributes="[]" nlri="[]" withdrawals="[]"
DEBU[0012] create Destination                            Nlri=192.168.3.0/24 Topic=Table
DEBU[0012] sent update                                   Key=192.168.128.134 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer attributes="[{Origin: i}  {Nexthop: 192.168.128.132} {LocalPref: 100}]" nlri="[192.168.3.0/24]" withdrawals="[]"
已杀死

134上观察到132的路由还在，并且有S标志，这个是保留的意思，证明启动了优雅重启，暂时不回撤，等待对端重启：

luzejia@luzejia-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ ./gobgp neighbor 192.168.128.132 adj-inID  Network              Next Hop             AS_PATH              Age        Attrs
S  0   192.168.3.0/24       192.168.128.132                           00:00:21   [{Origin: i} {LocalPref: 100}]

134上看到识别出了peer是graceful restart，启动了优雅重启，没有马上回撤路由，但是过了超时时间后还是回撤了路由：

DEBU[0053] From same AS, ignore                          Key=192.168.128.132 Path="{ 192.168.3.0/24 | src: { 192.168.128.132 | as: 65001, id: 192.168.128.132 }, nh: 192.168.128.132 }" Topic=Peer
INFO[0071] peer graceful restart                         Key=192.168.128.132 State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer
INFO[0071] Peer Down                                     Key=192.168.128.132 Reason=graceful-restart State=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED Topic=Peer
DEBU[0071] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_IDLE old=BGP_FSM_ESTABLISHED reason=graceful-restart
DEBU[0071] Implicit withdrawal of old path, since we have learned new path from the same peer  Key=192.168.3.0/24 Path="{ 192.168.3.0/24 | src: { 192.168.128.132 | as: 65001, id: 192.168.128.132 }, nh: 192.168.128.132 }" Topic=Table
DEBU[0076] IdleHoldTimer expired                         Duration=5 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0076] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE old=BGP_FSM_IDLE reason=idle-hold-timer-expired
DEBU[0085] try to connect                                Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0085] failed to connect                             Error="dial tcp 0.0.0.0:0->192.168.128.132:179: connect: connection refused" Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
WARN[0101] graceful restart timer expired                Key=192.168.128.132 State=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE Topic=Peer
DEBU[0101] stop connect loop                             Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0101] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_IDLE old=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE reason=restart-timer-expired
DEBU[0101] Removing withdrawals                          Key=192.168.3.0/24 Topic=Table
DEBU[0106] IdleHoldTimer expired                         Duration=5 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0106] state changed                                 Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer new=BGP_FSM_ACTIVE old=BGP_FSM_IDLE reason=idle-hold-timer-expired
DEBU[0115] try to connect                                Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer
DEBU[0115] failed to connect                             Error="dial tcp 0.0.0.0:0->192.168.128.132:179: connect: connection refused" Key=192.168.128.132 Topic=Peer

过了graceful resstart的timeout时间后，看到路由被正常撤回

luzejia@luzejia-virtual-machine:~/Desktop$ ./gobgp neighbor 192.168.128.132 adj-in
neighbor 192.168.128.132's BGP session is not established

总结：

  • bgp服务非正常退出时，会启动优雅重启特性，此时路由不会马上撤回
  • bgp服务是被SIGTERM信号终止的时候，则会马上回撤路由

注意：

  • bgp服务是被SIGTERM信号终止的时候，则会马上回撤路由，这部分需要自己实现去捕捉SIGTERM信号，然后调用gobgp server的stop接口，才能实现路由回撤，也就是实际stop接口向对端宣告了一个自己是正常退出的down信息，从而告知对端此时不需要启动优雅重启特性来保持路由，直接回撤即可

捕捉SIGTERM信号并进行处理，参考gobgpd源码，给出一个example：

package mainimport ("fmt""io""net/http"_ "net/http/pprof""os""os/signal""runtime""syscall""github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22/daemon""github.com/jessevdk/go-flags""github.com/kr/pretty""github.com/sirupsen/logrus""golang.org/x/net/context""google.golang.org/grpc""google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/internal/pkg/version""github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/config""github.com/osrg/gobgp/v3/pkg/server"
)func main() {sigCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)signal.Notify(sigCh, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)......logger.Info("gobgpd started")bgpServer := server.NewBgpServer(server.GrpcListenAddress(opts.GrpcHosts), server.GrpcOption(grpcOpts), server.LoggerOption(&builtinLogger{logger: logger}))go bgpServer.Serve()for sig := range sigCh {if sig != syscall.SIGHUP {stopServer(bgpServer, opts.UseSdNotify)return}logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"Topic": "Config",}).Info("Reload the config file")newConfig, err := config.ReadConfigFile(opts.ConfigFile, opts.ConfigType)if err != nil {logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"Topic": "Config","Error": err,}).Warningf("Can't read config file %s", opts.ConfigFile)continue}currentConfig, err = config.UpdateConfig(context.Background(), bgpServer, currentConfig, newConfig)if err != nil {logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"Topic": "Config","Error": err,}).Warningf("Failed to update config %s", opts.ConfigFile)continue}}
}func stopServer(bgpServer *server.BgpServer, useSdNotify bool) {logger.Info("stopping gobgpd server")bgpServer.Stop()if useSdNotify {daemon.SdNotify(false, daemon.SdNotifyStopping)}
}
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