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研发工程师玩转Kubernetes——就绪探针（Readiness Probe）和服务（Service）

news 2025/8/11 17:28:58

在《研发工程师玩转Kubernetes——启动、存活和就绪探针》中，我们讲了就绪探针和服务之间的特殊关系。就绪探针检测失败并不代表整个程序处于“非存活”状态，可能只是短暂临时的不可以提供服务，比如CPU阶段性占满，导致就绪探针检测超时而导致失败。这个时候就绪探针并不会向存活探针那样尝试重启容器，而只是简单的把它从何它关联的Service中摘除。

带Readiness Probe的Nginx

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: readiness-nginx-deployment
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: readiness-nginxreplicas: 2template:metadata:labels:app: readiness-nginxspec:containers:- name: readiness-nginx-containerimage: nginxports:- containerPort: 80command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 3; touch /tempdir/readiness-nginx; while true; do sleep 5; done"]volumeMounts:- name:  probe-volumemountPath:  /tempdirreadinessProbe:exec:command:- cat- /tempdir/readiness-nginxinitialDelaySeconds: 2failureThreshold: 6periodSeconds: 1successThreshold: 1volumes:- name: probe-volumeemptyDir: medium: MemorysizeLimit: 1Gi

Nginx关联的Service

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: readiness-nginx-service
spec:selector:app: readiness-nginxports:- protocol: TCPport: 80targetPort: 80

实验

创建上述组件，可以看到启动了下面的Pod

kubectl get pod -o wide

NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc   1/1     Running   0          25s   10.1.43.223    ubuntuc   <none>           <none>
readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-lhszp   1/1     Running   0          25s   10.1.209.155   ubuntub   <none>           <none>

Service也绑定了这些IP。

kubectl describe endpoints readiness-nginx-service 

Name:         readiness-nginx-service
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  endpoints.kubernetes.io/last-change-trigger-time: 2023-08-14T14:35:33Z
Subsets:Addresses:          10.1.209.155,10.1.43.223NotReadyAddresses:  <none>Ports:Name     Port  Protocol----     ----  --------<unset>  80    TCPEvents:  <none>

现在我们挑选一个容器（readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc，10.1.43.223），观察该容器的Event状态：

kubectl describe pod readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc

Name:             readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc
Namespace:        default
Priority:         0
Service Account:  default
Node:             ubuntuc/172.22.247.176
Start Time:       Mon, 14 Aug 2023 14:35:27 +0000
Labels:           app=readiness-nginxpod-template-hash=57b7fd5644
Annotations:      cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: c475d3e82ff0d5adbd35252ab990608ad75955f8d0862bb8b0c54ee60a0878ebcni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.1.43.223/32cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.1.43.223/32
Status:           Running
IP:               10.1.43.223
IPs:IP:           10.1.43.223
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644
Containers:readiness-nginx-container:Container ID:  containerd://5d82d8467bc6e0c8151e40ee3258d54bffec8659bcdad4a441848ea8f77a3223Image:         nginxImage ID:      docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:67f9a4f10d147a6e04629340e6493c9703300ca23a2f7f3aa56fe615d75d31caPort:          80/TCPHost Port:     0/TCPCommand:/bin/sh-csleep 3; touch /tempdir/readiness-nginx; while true; do sleep 5; doneState:          RunningStarted:      Mon, 14 Aug 2023 14:35:30 +0000Ready:          TrueRestart Count:  0Readiness:      exec [cat /tempdir/readiness-nginx] delay=2s timeout=1s period=1s #success=1 #failure=6Environment:    <none>Mounts:/tempdir from probe-volume (rw)/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-c4tcl (ro)
Conditions:Type              StatusInitialized       True Ready             True ContainersReady   True PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:probe-volume:Type:       EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime)Medium:     MemorySizeLimit:  1Gikube-api-access-c4tcl:Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crtConfigMapOptional:       <nil>DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300snode.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:Type     Reason     Age                    From               Message----     ------     ----                   ----               -------Normal   Scheduled  3m53s                  default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc to ubuntucNormal   Pulling    3m53s                  kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"Normal   Pulled     3m50s                  kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 2.489885583s (2.489893984s including waiting)Normal   Created    3m50s                  kubelet            Created container readiness-nginx-containerNormal   Started    3m50s                  kubelet            Started container readiness-nginx-containerWarning  Unhealthy  3m48s (x2 over 3m48s)  kubelet            Readiness probe failed: cat: /tempdir/readiness-nginx: No such file or directory

可以看到就绪探针在第3次检测时就存在了，这个时候Pod的Ready和ContainersReady都是True的状态。

就绪->非就绪

现在我们删除就绪标志文件

kubectl exec pods/readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc --container readiness-nginx-container -- rm /tempdir/readiness-nginx

再观察其状态，可以发现

Name:             readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc
Namespace:        default
Priority:         0
Service Account:  default
Node:             ubuntuc/172.22.247.176
Start Time:       Mon, 14 Aug 2023 14:35:27 +0000
Labels:           app=readiness-nginxpod-template-hash=57b7fd5644
Annotations:      cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: c475d3e82ff0d5adbd35252ab990608ad75955f8d0862bb8b0c54ee60a0878ebcni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.1.43.223/32cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.1.43.223/32
Status:           Running
IP:               10.1.43.223
IPs:IP:           10.1.43.223
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644
Containers:readiness-nginx-container:Container ID:  containerd://5d82d8467bc6e0c8151e40ee3258d54bffec8659bcdad4a441848ea8f77a3223Image:         nginxImage ID:      docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:67f9a4f10d147a6e04629340e6493c9703300ca23a2f7f3aa56fe615d75d31caPort:          80/TCPHost Port:     0/TCPCommand:/bin/sh-csleep 3; touch /tempdir/readiness-nginx; while true; do sleep 5; doneState:          RunningStarted:      Mon, 14 Aug 2023 14:35:30 +0000Ready:          FalseRestart Count:  0Readiness:      exec [cat /tempdir/readiness-nginx] delay=2s timeout=1s period=1s #success=1 #failure=6Environment:    <none>Mounts:/tempdir from probe-volume (rw)/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-c4tcl (ro)
Conditions:Type              StatusInitialized       True Ready             False ContainersReady   False PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:probe-volume:Type:       EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime)Medium:     MemorySizeLimit:  1Gikube-api-access-c4tcl:Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crtConfigMapOptional:       <nil>DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300snode.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:Type     Reason     Age                 From     Message----     ------     ----                ----     -------Warning  Unhealthy  7s (x22 over 6m6s)  kubelet  Readiness probe failed: cat: /tempdir/readiness-nginx: No such file or directory

可以看到Ready和ContainersReady都变成了False状态。
我们再观察Service

kubectl describe endpoints readiness-nginx-service 

Name:         readiness-nginx-service
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  endpoints.kubernetes.io/last-change-trigger-time: 2023-08-14T14:41:18Z
Subsets:Addresses:          10.1.209.155NotReadyAddresses:  10.1.43.223Ports:Name     Port  Protocol----     ----  --------<unset>  80    TCPEvents:  <none>

可以看到被删除了就绪探针检测文件的Pod被从Service中摘掉了。

非就绪->就绪

我们再将检测文件还原

kubectl exec pods/readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc --container readiness-nginx-container -- touch /tempdir/readiness-nginx

观察对应Pod的状态，其Ready和ContainersReady又变成了True状态。

Name:             readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644-7x7wc
Namespace:        default
Priority:         0
Service Account:  default
Node:             ubuntuc/172.22.247.176
Start Time:       Mon, 14 Aug 2023 14:35:27 +0000
Labels:           app=readiness-nginxpod-template-hash=57b7fd5644
Annotations:      cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: c475d3e82ff0d5adbd35252ab990608ad75955f8d0862bb8b0c54ee60a0878ebcni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 10.1.43.223/32cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 10.1.43.223/32
Status:           Running
IP:               10.1.43.223
IPs:IP:           10.1.43.223
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/readiness-nginx-deployment-57b7fd5644
Containers:readiness-nginx-container:Container ID:  containerd://5d82d8467bc6e0c8151e40ee3258d54bffec8659bcdad4a441848ea8f77a3223Image:         nginxImage ID:      docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:67f9a4f10d147a6e04629340e6493c9703300ca23a2f7f3aa56fe615d75d31caPort:          80/TCPHost Port:     0/TCPCommand:/bin/sh-csleep 3; touch /tempdir/readiness-nginx; while true; do sleep 5; doneState:          RunningStarted:      Mon, 14 Aug 2023 14:35:30 +0000Ready:          TrueRestart Count:  0Readiness:      exec [cat /tempdir/readiness-nginx] delay=2s timeout=1s period=1s #success=1 #failure=6Environment:    <none>Mounts:/tempdir from probe-volume (rw)/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-c4tcl (ro)
Conditions:Type              StatusInitialized       True Ready             True ContainersReady   True PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:probe-volume:Type:       EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime)Medium:     MemorySizeLimit:  1Gikube-api-access-c4tcl:Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crtConfigMapOptional:       <nil>DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   BestEffort
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300snode.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:Type     Reason     Age                   From     Message----     ------     ----                  ----     -------Warning  Unhealthy  3m5s (x262 over 13m)  kubelet  Readiness probe failed: cat: /tempdir/readiness-nginx: No such file or directory

Service也重新将其加回来了。

Name:         readiness-nginx-service
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  endpoints.kubernetes.io/last-change-trigger-time: 2023-08-14T14:48:23Z
Subsets:Addresses:          10.1.209.155,10.1.43.223NotReadyAddresses:  <none>Ports:Name     Port  Protocol----     ----  --------<unset>  80    TCPEvents:  <none>
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