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springboot中Instant时间传参及序列化

news 2025/8/1 22:36:57

在部分场景中，后台的时间属性用的不是Date或Long，而是Instant，Java8引入的一个精度极高的时间类型，可以精确到纳秒，但实际使用的时候不需要这么高的精确度，通常到毫秒就可以了。

而在前后端传参的时候需要对Instant类型进行序列化及反序列化等处理，默认情况下，ObjectMapper是不支持序列化Instant类型的，需要注册JavaTimeModule才行，而且序列化的结果也不是时间戳，测试如下

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;import java.time.Instant;/*** Instant Jackson测试** @author yangguirong*/
@Slf4j
public class InstantTest {ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();@Testvoid serializeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());String str = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(Instant.now());log.info("serializeTest: {}", str);// serializeTest: 1691208180.052185000}@Testvoid deserializeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());Instant instant = objectMapper.readValue("1691208180.052185000", Instant.class);log.info("deserializeTest: {}", instant);// deserializeTest: 2023-08-05T04:03:00.052185Z}
}

想要将其序列化为毫秒时间戳，需要对序列化及反序列化进行自定义

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonDeserializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.Instant;/*** 自定义Instant序列化及反序列** @author yangguirong*/
public class InstantMillsTimeModule extends SimpleModule {public InstantMillsTimeModule() {this.addSerializer(Instant.class, new InstantMillisecondsSerializer());this.addDeserializer(Instant.class, new InstantMillisecondsDeserializer());}public static class InstantMillisecondsSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Instant> {@Overridepublic void serialize(Instant instant, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {if (instant == null) {jsonGenerator.writeNull();} else {jsonGenerator.writeNumber(instant.toEpochMilli());}}}@Slf4jpublic static class InstantMillisecondsDeserializer extends JsonDeserializer<Instant> {@Overridepublic Instant deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {try {long mills = p.getValueAsLong();return mills > 0 ? Instant.ofEpochMilli(mills) : null;} catch (Exception e) {log.error("Instant类型反序列化失败！val: {}, message: {}", p.getText(), e.getMessage());}return null;}}
}

再来测试一下自定义的序列化及反序列化方式

import com.example.websocket.config.InstantMillsTimeModule;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;import java.time.Instant;/*** Instant Jackson测试** @author yangguirong*/
@Slf4j
public class InstantTest {ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();@Testvoid serializeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());String str = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(Instant.now());log.info("serialize: {}", str);// serialize: 1691208180.052185000}@Testvoid deserializeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());Instant instant = objectMapper.readValue("1691208180.052185000", Instant.class);log.info("deserialize: {}", instant);// deserialize: 2023-08-05T04:03:00.052185Z}@Testvoid millsSerializeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {objectMapper.registerModule(new InstantMillsTimeModule());String str = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(Instant.now());log.info("millsSerializeTest: {}", str);// millsSerializeTest: 1691208541018}@Testvoid millsDeserializeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {objectMapper.registerModule(new InstantMillsTimeModule());Instant instant = objectMapper.readValue("1691208541018", Instant.class);log.info("millsDeserializeTest: {}", instant);// deserialize: 2023-08-05T04:09:01.018Z}
}

可以看到，结果是符合预期的，可以在毫秒时间戳和Instant之间相互转换。

在后台配置SpringBoot的时候，需要考虑两种情况，一种就是Instant作为RequestParam/PathVariable的情况，另一种是RequestBody/ResponseBody的情况。前者借助转换器实现，配置如下

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
import org.springframework.format.FormatterRegistry;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;import java.time.Instant;/*** web mvc设置** @author yangguirong*/
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {@Overridepublic void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {registry.addConverter(instantConvert());}public Converter<String, Instant> instantConvert() {// 不能替换为lambda表达式return new Converter<String, Instant>() {@Overridepublic Instant convert(String source) {if (StringUtils.hasText(source)) {return Instant.ofEpochMilli(Long.parseLong(source));}return null;}};}
}

后者如果是局部配置，则在具体的实体类属性上添加@JsonSerialize和@JsonDeserialize注解，在注解中指定序列化器和反序列化器即可。如果是全局配置，则可以按照如下方式进行配置，将InstantMillsTimeModule注册为Bean，这个Bean会在JacksonAutoConfiguration中的StandardJackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer被自动注入，然后进行注册。

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureBefore;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** Jackson配置** @author yangguirong*/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureBefore(JacksonAutoConfiguration.class)
public class JacksonCustomizerConfig {@Beanpublic Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer jacksonModuleRegistryCustomizer() {return jacksonObjectMapperBuilder -> jacksonObjectMapperBuilder.featuresToDisable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS);}@Beanpublic InstantMillsTimeModule instantMillsTimeModule() {return new InstantMillsTimeModule();}
}

简单的接口测试

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.time.Instant;/*** instant测试** @author yangguirong*/
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("instant")
@RestController
public class InstantTestController {@GetMapping("getInstant")public Instant getInstant() {return Instant.now();}@PutMapping("setInstant")public void setInstant(@RequestParam Instant instant) {log.info("setInstant: {}", instant);}@GetMapping("getInstantDemoVO")public DemoVO getInstantDemoVO() {return new DemoVO(Instant.now());}@PutMapping("setInstantDemoVO")public void setInstantDemoVO(@RequestBody DemoVO vo) {log.info("setInstantDemoVO:{}", vo);}@Data@NoArgsConstructor@AllArgsConstructorstatic class DemoVO {private Instant instant;}
}