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WebGL: 几个入门小例子

news 2025/7/29 12:37:14

本文罗列几个WebGL入门例子，用于帮助WebGL学习。

一、概述

WebGL (Web Graphics Library)是一组基于Open ES、在Web内渲染3D图形的Javascript APIs。

Ref. from Khronos Group: WebGL

WebGL™ is a cross-platform, royalty-free open web standard for a low-level 3D graphics API based on OpenGL ES, exposed to ECMAScript via the HTML5 Canvas element.

二、配置WebGL开发环境

三、例子1：绘制三角形

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en"><head><title>Draw a triangle</title><meta charset="utf-8"><script type="text/javascript">var gl;var canvas;var shaderProgram;var vertexBuffer;function createGLContext(canvas){var names = ["webgl", "experimental-webgl"];var context = null;for(var i = 0; i < names.length; i++){try{context = canvas.getContext(names[i]);}catch(e){if (context){break;}}}if(context){context.viewportWidth = canvas.width;context.viewportHeight = canvas.height;}else{alert("Failed to create WebGL context!");}return context;}function loadShader(type, shaderSource){var shader = gl.createShader(type);gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderSource);gl.compileShader(shader);if (!gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)){alert("Error compiling shader" + gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));gl.deleteShader(shader);return null}return shader;}function setupShaders(){var vertexShaderSource = "attribute vec3 aVertexPosition;				\n" +"void main()									\n" + "{												\n" +"	gl_Position = vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0);	\n" + "}									            \n";var fragmentShaderSource = "precision mediump float;						\n" +"void main()									\n" + "{												\n" +"	gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);	\n" + "}									            \n";var vertexShader = loadShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderSource);var fragmentShader = loadShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderSource);shaderProgram = gl.createProgram();gl.attachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);gl.attachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);gl.linkProgram(shaderProgram);if (!gl.getProgramParameter(shaderProgram, gl.LINK_STATUS)){alert("Failed to setup shaders!");}gl.useProgram(shaderProgram);shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "aVertexPosition");}function setupBuffers(){vertexBuffer = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer);var triangleVertices = [0.0, 0.5, 0.0,-0.5, -0.5, 0.0,0.5, -0.5, 0.0];gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(triangleVertices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);vertexBuffer.itemSize = 3;vertexBuffer.numberOfItems = 3;}function draw(){gl.viewport(0,0, gl.viewportWidth, gl.viewportHeight);gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);gl.vertexAttribPointer(shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute, vertexBuffer.itemSize, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.enableVertexAttribArray(shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute);gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, vertexBuffer.numberOfItems);}function startup(){canvas = document.getElementById("myGLCanvas");gl = createGLContext(canvas);setupShaders();setupBuffers();gl.clearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);draw();}</script></head><body onload="startup();"><canvas id="myGLCanvas" width="500" height="500"></canvas></body>
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