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Django系列之DRF简单使用

news 2025/7/8 3:45:35

基于ModelViewSets的简单使用

models.py

from django.db import modelsclass AuthorDetail(models.Model):gender = models.CharField(max_length=8)birthday = models.DateField()telephone = models.BigIntegerField()addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)class Author(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=32)age = models.IntegerField()ad = models.OneToOneField(AuthorDetail, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)def __str__(self):return self.name

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializersclass AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = Authorfields = "__all__"# 检验条件extra_kwargs = {"age": {"min_value": 0, "max_value": 200}}

app01/views.py

from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSetfrom app01.models import Author
from app01.serializers import AuthorSerializerclass AuthorModelViewsets(ModelViewSet):queryset = Author.objects.all()serializer_class = AuthorSerializer@action(methods=["get"], detail=False)          # detail=False or True: True: 系统会自动在生成的路由中添加pk值def top3(self, request):top3 = self.queryset.order_by("-age")[:3]serializer = AuthorSerializer(instance=top3, many=True)return Response(serializer.data)@action(methods=["get"], detail=True)       # 如果视图逻辑中需要pk值，detail就得是Truedef detailone(self, request, pk):author_detail = Author.objects.get(pk=pk)print(author_detail)return Response({"name": author_detail.name, "age": author_detail.age})

project/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, includeurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path("league/", include("app01.urls")),
]

app01/urls.py

from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouterfrom app01.views import AuthorModelViewsetsurlpatterns = []router = SimpleRouter()
router.register("author", AuthorModelViewsets)urlpatterns += router.urls

使用 SimpleRouter() 可以帮我们实现五个基础的 action 方法：
{“get”: “list”, “post”: “create”, “get/id”: “retrieve”, “put”: “update”, “delete”: “`destroy”}

如果需要增加一些其他的路由视图，就需要用 action 声明了。

action声明

如果需要增加一些其他自定义视图函数，则需要使用到 action 装饰器：

from rest_framework.decorators import action@action(methods=["get"], detail=False)
def top3(self, request):...@action(methods=["get"], detail=True)
def detailone(self, request, pk):...