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【Golang】基于录制，自动生成go test接口自动化用例

news 2025/7/9 9:09:06

背景

框架

ginkgo初始化

抓包&运行脚本

目录说明

∮./business

∮./conf

∮./utils

∮./testcase

testcase 用例目录结构规则

¶示例

实现思路

解析Har数据

定义结构体

解析到json

转换请求数据

转换请求

转换请求参数

写业务请求数据

写gotest测试用例数据

初始化写入suit文件

格式化测试文件

install生成的业务请求目录

格式化响应断言

可能遇到的问题

完整代码

详细代码如下，注释已经给得比较清晰：

资料获取方法

背景

之前写过一篇博客，介绍怎么用Python通过解析抓包数据，完成自动化用例的编写。最近这段时间在使用go test，所以就在想能不能也使用代码来生成自动化用例，快速提升测试用例覆盖率。说干就干。

框架

首先介绍一下我们使用的测框架：

项	信息	安装	备注
GO版本	go1.12.9 darwin/amd64	略
测试框架	ginkgo	go get -u github.com/onsi/ginkgo/ginkgo
断言库	testify/assert	go get github.com/stretchr/testify	官方配套的断言库是gomega

ginkgo初始化

初始化: cd path/to/package/you/want/to/test && ginkgo bootstrap
创建示例用例：ginkgo generate (需要手动添加测试用例)
运行测试： go testor ginkgo

注：-v加上参数可打印运行信息

抓包&运行脚本

使用抓包工具（如Charles）抓包，把数据包导出为har格式，保存在当前目录下
- 如何安装抓包工具在本文就不赘述了，抓包，过滤出想要的数据，导出，保存的格式注意选择为har：
根据实际情况修改全局变量信息，如bizBaseFolder、serverName、userFile等
使用go run gentest.go运行脚本即可

目录说明

然后我们一起来了解一下我们的目录结构定义。

∮./business

业务封装，封装具体的请求及测试数据

∮./conf

配置信息及接口请求参数初始化封装

∮./utils

公共函数封装

∮./testcase

接口测试用例目录

testcase 用例目录结构规则

基本原则： 根据项目、模块、接口功能逐级区分，建议最多3层目录层级

¶示例

软件测试论坛项目组/论坛项目/帖子模块/创建帖子接口：
- CN_TestBBS/bbs/post/post_test.go
基础账号项目/首页项目/白名单接口：
- CN_account/homepage/whitelist_test.go

实现思路

按照har文件的JSON结构定义对应的结构体，然后解析数据，生成请求数据，生成断言数据，初始化测试套suite，格式化代码，初始化包引用信息。

解析Har数据

定义结构体

Log struct {version stringcreator stringEntries []struct {startedDateTime stringtime            stringRequest         struct {...

解析到json

func UnpackHar(har []byte) (logs *Har) {err := json.Unmarshal(har, &logs)if err != nil {fmt.Println(err)}return
}

转换请求数据

转换请求

转换请求参数

GET

// 格式化请求参数为标准请求string
getReqParam := make(map[string]interface{}, 1)
if len(v.Request.QueryString) > 0 {for _, query := range v.Request.QueryString {getReqParam[query.Name] = query.Value}
}
// 获取postReq数据
postReqParamStr := v.Request.PostData.Textif v.Request.Method == "GET" {paramstr = genGetParam(InterfaceName, getReqParam)
}

func genGetParam(interfaceName string, param map[string]interface{}) (formatParam string) {// 对于请求参数的value值为 数组if len(param) > 0 {for k, v := range param {switch vv := v.(type) {case []interface{}:fmt.Sprintf(k, "is an array:", vv)temp, _ := json.Marshal(param)formatParam = fmt.Sprintf("%sParam = `%s`", interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))returndefault:// fmt.Println(k, "is of a type didn't handle")}}}temp, _ := json.Marshal(param)formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam = map[string]interface{} %s`, interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))return
}

POST

postReqParamStr := v.Request.PostData.Textif v.Request.Method == "POST" {paramstr = genPostParam(InterfaceName, postReqParamStr)
}
func genPostParam(interfaceName string, postReqParamStr string) (formatParam string) {// formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam = map[string]interface{} %s`, interfaceName, param)// fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp))postReqParam := make(map[string]interface{}, 1)if len(postReqParamStr) > 0 {// 判断第一个字符是否为{}, 做传递数据为数组[]的兼容if []rune(postReqParamStr)[0] == '{' {var x interface{}err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(postReqParamStr), &x)if err != nil {fmt.Println("err", err)}postReqParam = x.(map[string]interface{})// fmt.Println(postReqParam)// 判断value中是否存在数组for k, v := range postReqParam {switch vv := v.(type) {// switch vv := v.(type) {case []interface{}:fmt.Sprintf(k, "is an array:", vv)// param[k] = fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", vv)temp, _ := json.Marshal(postReqParam)formatParam = fmt.Sprintf("%sParam = `%s`", interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))paramType = "string"returndefault:formatParam = genGetParam(interfaceName, postReqParam)// fmt.Println(k, "is of a type didn't handle")}}// 如果为数组，做如下处理} else {var y []interface{}err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(postReqParamStr), &y)if err != nil {fmt.Println("err", err)}postReqParam = y[0].(map[string]interface{})temp, _ := json.Marshal(postReqParam)// 声明请求类型paramType = "[]map[string]interface{}"formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam =[]map[string]interface{}{%s}`, interfaceName, string(temp))// 无法使用 判断类型 Param := utils.MapDeepCopy(Hebinz123.XlppcPlaylistApiV1RemarkDelParam)}}// temp, _ := json.Marshal(param)// formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam = map[string]interface{} %s`, interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))return
}

写业务请求数据

写gotest测试用例数据

格式化请求参数为标准请求string。

初始化写入suit文件

这里有一个注意点，Test后紧接的数据必须是大写。

格式化测试文件

使用goimports库初始化导入数据包。

install生成的业务请求目录

使用go install目录生成导入业务请求目录

格式化响应断言

使用类型判断格式化接口返回数据为标准断言string。

可能遇到的问题

初始化读取文件的存储buf的size和其实际大小不一致时，json 解析出错“invalid character '\x00' after top-level value”
go install 执行失败，导致测试用例无法找到其依赖包
get请求，post请求参数在har文件中的存储方式不一致，获取数据的方式差别很大
域名及接口命名规则不一致，-、.等等风格不一致
测试suite 紧接Test后方的字符需为大写的字母，否则服务无法被发现，所以需要做大小写转换

完整代码

详细代码如下，注释已经给得比较清晰：

package mainimport ("encoding/base64""encoding/json""fmt""os""os/exec""path/filepath""strings"
)var (baseDomain         = "test.bbs.com"    // 测试域名，用于切割出请求路径bizBaseFolder      = "business/CN_bbs" //业务请求目录testCaseBaseFolder = "testcase/CN_bbs" // 测试用例目录serverName         = "cinecismGo"      // 服务名paramType          = ""
)func main() {userFile := "20190917-cinecismgo.har" // 抓包文件地址fl, err := os.Open(userFile)if err != nil {fmt.Println(userFile, err)return}defer fl.Close()// 读取har数据fileInfo, err := fl.Stat()buf := make([]byte, fileInfo.Size()) // “invalid character '\x00' after top-level value”fl.Read(buf)data := UnpackHar(buf)for _, v := range data.Log.Entries {// 每一个循环初始化请求参数类型paramType = "map[string]interface{}"paramstr := ""// 初始化 请求path，生成标准请求接口名称pathStr, path := initPath(v.Request.URL)InterfaceName := formatInterfaceName(pathStr)// 格式化请求参数为标准请求stringgetReqParam := make(map[string]interface{}, 1)if len(v.Request.QueryString) > 0 {for _, query := range v.Request.QueryString {getReqParam[query.Name] = query.Value}}// 获取postReq数据postReqParamStr := v.Request.PostData.Textif v.Request.Method == "GET" {paramstr = genGetParam(InterfaceName, getReqParam)}if v.Request.Method == "POST" {paramstr = genPostParam(InterfaceName, postReqParamStr)}// 格式化接口返回数据为标准断言stringtext, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v.Response.Content.Text)responseAssertStr := initAssert(text)// 创建业务请求文件、测试用例文件run(serverName, path, InterfaceName, v.Request.Method, responseAssertStr, paramstr)// 【待补充】handle Headers数据// fmt.Println(initHeaders(data))}
}func initAssert(text []byte) (responseAssertStr string) {if len(text) > 0 {var Response interface{}err := json.Unmarshal(text, &Response)if err != nil {fmt.Println("err", err)}responseMap := Response.(map[string]interface{})res := []string{}for k, v := range responseMap {switch vv := v.(type) {case string:// fmt.Println(k, "is string", vv)res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("%s, _ := js.Get(\"%s\").String() \n assert.Equal(%s, `%v`)", k, k, k, string(vv)))case int64:// fmt.Println(k, "is int", vv)res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("%s, _ := js.Get(\"%s\").Int() \n assert.Equal(%s, %v)", k, k, k, string(vv)))case float64:// fmt.Println(k, "is float64", vv)res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("%s, _ := js.Get(\"%s\").Int() \n assert.Equal(%s, %v)", k, k, k, vv))case bool:// fmt.Println(k, "is bool", vv)res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("%s, _ := js.Get(\"%s\").Bool() \n assert.Equal(%s, %v)", k, k, k, vv))case []interface{}:// fmt.Println(k, "is an array:", vv)res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("// Key【%s】的子层级的value值未生成断言，系多层级数组数据，具体值如下：", k))res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("// %v ", vv))case map[string]interface{}:// fmt.Println(k, "is an map:", vv)temp, _ := json.Marshal(vv)res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("// Key【%s】的子层级value值未生成断言，系多层级Map数据，具体值如下：", k))res = append(res, fmt.Sprintf("// %v ", string(temp)))default:// fmt.Println(k, "is of a type didn't handle", vv)}responseAssertStr = strings.Join(res, "\n")}}return
}func initPath(URL string) (pathStr, path string) {pathStr = strings.Split(URL, baseDomain)[1]if strings.Contains(pathStr, "?") {pathStr = strings.Split(pathStr, "?")[0]path = strings.Split(pathStr, "?")[0]} else {path = pathStr}if strings.Contains(pathStr, ".") {pathStr = strings.Replace(pathStr, ".", "/", 10)pathStr = strings.Replace(pathStr, "-", "/", 10)}// fmt.Println(path)// fmt.Println("pathStr", pathStr)return
}func run(serverName, path, InterfaceName, method, responseAssertStr string, Param string) {// 初始化测试文件InterfaceFilepath := filepath.Join(bizBaseFolder, serverName)Testcasefilepath := filepath.Join(testCaseBaseFolder, serverName)InterfaceFileame := InterfaceName + ".go"Testcasefilename := InterfaceName + "_test.go"// 创建并写入标准请求信息file, err := createFile(InterfaceFilepath, InterfaceFileame)if err != nil {fmt.Println("createInterfaceFile", err)}writeParam(file, serverName, []string{Param})writeReq(file, InterfaceName, path, method)defer file.Close()// 创建并写入测试用例信息file1, err := createFile(Testcasefilepath, Testcasefilename)if err != nil {fmt.Println("createTestcasefile", err)}// 写入suit文件initTestsuit(serverName)// 写入测试用例writeTestcase(file1, serverName, InterfaceName, responseAssertStr)defer file1.Close()// 格式化测试文件exec.Command("goimports", "-w", InterfaceFilepath).Run()exec.Command("goimports", "-w", Testcasefilepath).Run()// 导入InterfaceFilepathexec.Command("go", "install", InterfaceFilepath).Run()
}func initHeaders(har *Har) map[string]string {var headers = make(map[string]string)// fmt.Println(len(har.Log.Entries[0].Request.Headers))for _, v := range har.Log.Entries[0].Request.Headers {headers[v.Name] = v.Value}return headers
}func createFile(filepaths, filename string) (file *os.File, err error) {os.MkdirAll(filepaths, 0777)file, err = os.Create(filepath.Join(filepaths, filename))return
}func createInterfaceFile(path, filename string) (file *os.File, err error) {filename = filename + ".go"filepath := bizBaseFolder + "/" + path + "/"os.MkdirAll(filepath, 0777)file, err = os.Create(filepath + filename)return
}func createTestcasefile(path, filename string) (file *os.File, err error) {filename = filename + "_test.go"filepath := testCaseBaseFolder + "/" + path + "/"os.MkdirAll(filepath, 0777)file, err = os.Create(filepath + filename)return
}func initTestsuit(serverName string) {filename := serverName + "_suite_test.go"filepath := testCaseBaseFolder + "/" + serverName + "/"os.MkdirAll(filepath, 0777)file, err := os.Create(filepath + filename)if err != nil {fmt.Println("initTestsuit Error", err)}// Testsuite后的 首字母需大写，否则suite无法正常检索到testcasefile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`package %s_testimport ("testing". "github.com/onsi/ginkgo". "github.com/onsi/gomega")func Test%s(t *testing.T) {RegisterFailHandler(Fail)RunSpecs(t, "%s Suite")}`, serverName, Capitalize(serverName), serverName))
}func writeTestcase(file *os.File, serverName, InterfaceName, responseAssertStr string) {// 接口引入路径 【服务名称.接口名称】interfaceImportPath := serverName + "." + InterfaceName// 接口标准请求参数 【接口名称Param】paramImportPath := interfaceImportPath + "Param"// 接口标准请求参数拷贝，请求参数为非标准【map[string]interface{}】类型时，该参数为空tempParamStr := ""// 是否使用mapDeepCopy，请求参数为非标准【map[string]interface{}】类型时 使用mapDeepCopy := ""if paramType != "map[string]interface{}" {tempParamStr = paramImportPath}if paramType == "map[string]interface{}" {tempParamStr = "Param"mapDeepCopy = fmt.Sprintf(`Param := utils.MapDeepCopy(%s)`, paramImportPath)}// fmt.Println("---------------->", paramType)file.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("package %s_test\n\n", serverName))file.WriteString(`import . "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"`)file.WriteString("\n\n")file.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`var _ = Describe("%s", func() {headers := common.EntireHeaderParamassert := assert.New(GinkgoT())BeforeEach(func() {By("begin test")})JustBeforeEach(func() {By("just say start")})AfterEach(func() {By("end test")})Context("%s", func() {It("正常%s", func() {%sret, resp, _ := %s(%s, headers)assert.Equal(ret.StatusCode, 200)js, errs := simplejson.NewJson(resp)if errs != nil {panic(errs)}%s})})})`, serverName, InterfaceName, InterfaceName, mapDeepCopy, interfaceImportPath, tempParamStr, responseAssertStr))
}func writeParam(file *os.File, serverName string, params []string) {file.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("package %s", serverName))file.WriteString("\n\n\n")file.WriteString("var (")for _, param := range params {file.WriteString(param)}file.WriteString(")")file.WriteString("\n\n\n")
}func writeReq(file *os.File, InterfaceName, path, method string) {file.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`func %s(param %s, header map[string]string) (ret gorequest.Response, content []byte, result string) {path := "%s"url := CN_bbs.TESTSERVERDOMAIN + pathret, content = common.Common%s(url, param, header)fmt.Println(ret.Request.URL)// js, _ := simplejson.NewJson([]byte(content))//result, _ = js.Get("result").String()return}`, InterfaceName, paramType, path, method))
}func genGetParam(interfaceName string, param map[string]interface{}) (formatParam string) {// 对于请求参数的value值为 数组if len(param) > 0 {for k, v := range param {switch vv := v.(type) {case []interface{}:fmt.Sprintf(k, "is an array:", vv)temp, _ := json.Marshal(param)// 如果是数组格式，直接当作字符串处理（map[]interface{}格式无法表示该类型参数）formatParam = fmt.Sprintf("%sParam = `%s`", interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))returndefault:// fmt.Println(k, "is of a type didn't handle")}}}temp, _ := json.Marshal(param)formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam = map[string]interface{} %s`, interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))return
}func genPostParam(interfaceName string, postReqParamStr string) (formatParam string) {// formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam = map[string]interface{} %s`, interfaceName, param)// fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp))postReqParam := make(map[string]interface{}, 1)if len(postReqParamStr) > 0 {// 判断第一个字符是否为{}, 做传递数据为数组[]的兼容if []rune(postReqParamStr)[0] == '{' {var x interface{}err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(postReqParamStr), &x)if err != nil {fmt.Println("err", err)}postReqParam = x.(map[string]interface{})// fmt.Println(postReqParam)// 判断value中是否存在数组for k, v := range postReqParam {switch vv := v.(type) {// switch vv := v.(type) {case []interface{}:fmt.Sprintf(k, "is an array:", vv)// param[k] = fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", vv)temp, _ := json.Marshal(postReqParam)formatParam = fmt.Sprintf("%sParam = `%s`", interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))paramType = "string"returndefault:formatParam = genGetParam(interfaceName, postReqParam)// fmt.Println(k, "is of a type didn't handle")}}// 如果为数组，做如下处理} else {var y []interface{}err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(postReqParamStr), &y)if err != nil {fmt.Println("err", err)}postReqParam = y[0].(map[string]interface{})temp, _ := json.Marshal(postReqParam)// 声明请求类型paramType = "[]map[string]interface{}"formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam =[]map[string]interface{}{%s}`, interfaceName, string(temp))// 无法使用 判断类型 Param := utils.MapDeepCopy(Hebinz123.CNppcPlaylistApiV1RemarkDelParam)}}// temp, _ := json.Marshal(param)// formatParam = fmt.Sprintf(`%sParam = map[string]interface{} %s`, interfaceName, fmt.Sprintf("%v", string(temp)))return
}func formatInterfaceName(path string) (InterfaceName string) {paths := strings.Split(path, "/")for k, v := range paths {paths[k] = Capitalize(v)}InterfaceName = strings.Join(paths, "")return
}// Capitalize 字符首字母大写
func Capitalize(str string) string {var upperStr stringvv := []rune(str)for i := 0; i < len(vv); i++ {if i == 0 {if vv[i] >= 97 && vv[i] <= 122 { // 判断是否是小写字母vv[i] -= 32 // string的码表相差32位upperStr += string(vv[i])} else {fmt.Println("Not begins with lowercase letter,")return str}} else {upperStr += string(vv[i])}}return upperStr
}// Har Logs 解析
type Har struct {Log struct {version stringcreator stringEntries []struct {startedDateTime stringtime            stringRequest         struct {Method      stringURL         stringhttpVersion stringCookies     []stringHeaders     []struct {Name  stringValue string}QueryString []struct {Name  stringValue string}PostData struct {MimeType stringText     string}headersSize int32bodySize    int32}Response struct {_charlesStatus stringStatus         int32StatusText     stringhttpVersion    stringcookies        []stringHeaders        []struct {Name  stringValue string}Content struct {size     int32mimeType stringText     stringEncoding string}redirectURL stringheadersSize intbodySize    int}serverIPAddress stringcache           map[string]stringtimings         map[string]int32}}
}// UnpackHar 解析 har
func UnpackHar(har []byte) (logs *Har) {err := json.Unmarshal(har, &logs)if err != nil {fmt.Println(err)}return
}

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