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vue vite ts electron ipc arm64

news 2025/8/23 23:57:29

初始化

npm init vue # 全选 yes
npm i # 进入项目目录后使用
npm install electron electron-builder -D
npm install commander -D # 额外组件

增加文件

新建 plugins 文件夹

src/background.ts

属于主进程

ipcMain.on、ipcMain.handle 都用于主进程监听 ipc，ipcMain.on 用于监听 ipcRenderer.send，ipcMain.handle 用于监听 ipcRenderer.invoke 并 return xxx

ipc 单向：
从渲染进程发向主进程：ipcRenderer.send
从主进程发向渲染进程：window.webContents.send

ipc 双向：
从渲染进程发向主进程，主进程还会返回发向渲染进程：ipcRenderer.invoke
从主进程发向渲染进程，渲染进程还会返回发向主进程：没有类似于 ipcRenderer.invoke 的，需要间接实现。主进程使用 window.webContents.send，渲染进程使用 ipcRenderer.send

import { app, BrowserWindow, screen, ipcMain } from 'electron'
import path from 'path'
import { Command } from 'commander';app.whenReady().then(() => {const command = new Commandlet width, heightlet optionscommand.option('-m, --maximize', 'maximize window').option('-l, --location <>', 'location of load index page', 'index.html').option('-d, --dev', 'openDevTools').option('--no-sandbox', 'other').parse()options = command.opts()if (options.maximize) {width = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize.widthheight = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize.height}else {width = 800height = 600}const window = new BrowserWindow({width: width,height: height,autoHideMenuBar: true,webPreferences: {preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')}})if (options.location.indexOf(':') >= 0)window.loadURL(options.location)elsewindow.loadFile(options.location)if (options.dev)window.webContents.openDevTools()ipcMain.on('rtm', () => {console.log('rtm')window.webContents.send('mtr')})ipcMain.on('rtm_p', (e, p) => {console.log(p)window.webContents.send('mtr_p', `mtr_p ${p}`)})ipcMain.handle('rtmmtr_p', (e, p) => {console.log(p)return 'rtmmtr_p_return'})
})

src/preload.ts

预加载脚本，用来给渲染进程提供使用 ipcRenderer 的方法
rtm 是渲染进程发向主进程；rtmmtr 是从渲染进程发向主进程，主进程还会返回发向渲染进程；mtr 是主进程发向渲染进程

import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron'contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {rtm: () => ipcRenderer.send('rtm'),rtm_p: (p: any) => ipcRenderer.send('rtm_p', p),rtmmtr_p: (p: any) => ipcRenderer.invoke('rtmmtr_p', p),mtr: (p: any) => ipcRenderer.on('mtr', p),mtr_p: (p: any) => ipcRenderer.on('mtr_p', p),
})

src/renderer.d.ts

给渲染进程用的 preload.ts 里的方法的类型声明

export interface IElectronAPI {rtm: () => Promise<any>,rtm_p: (p: any) => Promise<any>,rtmmtr_p: (p: any) => Promise<any>,mtr: (p: any) => Promise<any>,mtr_p: (p: any) => Promise<any>,
}declare global {interface Window {electronAPI: IElectronAPI}
}

plugins/vite.electron.dev.ts

自定义 dev 方法，用于启动 vite 后带起 electron

// 导入需要使用的类型和库
import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
import type { AddressInfo } from 'net'
import { spawn } from 'child_process'
import fs from 'fs'// 导出Vite插件函数
export const viteElectronDev = (): Plugin => {return {name: 'vite-electron-dev',// 在configureServer中实现插件的逻辑configureServer(server) {// 定义初始化Electron的函数const initElectron = () => {// 使用esbuild编译TypeScript代码为JavaScriptrequire('esbuild').buildSync({entryPoints: ['src/background.ts', 'src/preload.ts'],bundle: true,outdir: 'dist',platform: 'node',external: ['electron']})}// electron 运行let electron_run = (ip: string) => {initElectron()// 启动Electron进程let electronProcess = spawn(require('electron'), ['dist/background.js', '-l', ip, '-d'])// 监听Electron进程的stdout输出electronProcess.stdout?.on('data', (data) => {console.log(`${data}`);});return electronProcess}// 监听Vite的HTTP服务器的listening事件server?.httpServer?.once('listening', () => {// 获取HTTP服务器的监听地址和端口号const address = server?.httpServer?.address() as AddressInfoconst ip = `http://localhost:${address.port}`let electronProcess = electron_run(ip)// 监听主进程代码的更改fs.watch('src', () => {// 杀死当前的Electron进程electronProcess.kill()electronProcess = electron_run(ip)})})}}
}

plugins/vite.electron.build.ts

自定义 build 方法，这里打包了 linux 的 x64、arm64 的包

import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
import * as electronBuilder from 'electron-builder'
import path from 'path'
import fs from 'fs'// 导出Vite插件函数
export const viteElectronBuild = (): Plugin => {return {name: 'vite-electron-build',// closeBundle是Vite的一个插件钩子函数，用于在Vite构建完成后执行一些自定义逻辑。closeBundle() {// 定义初始化Electron的函数const initElectron = () => {// 使用esbuild编译TypeScript代码为JavaScriptrequire('esbuild').buildSync({entryPoints: ['src/background.ts', 'src/preload.ts'],bundle: true,outdir: 'dist',platform: 'node',external: ['electron']})}// 调用初始化Electron函数initElectron()// 修改package.json文件的main字段，不然会打包失败const json = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('package.json', 'utf-8'))json.main = 'background.js'fs.writeSync(fs.openSync('dist/package.json', 'w'), JSON.stringify(json, null, 2))// 创建一个空的node_modules目录 不然会打包失败fs.mkdirSync(path.join(process.cwd(), "dist/node_modules"));// 使用electron-builder打包Electron应用程序electronBuilder.build({config: {appId: 'com.example.app',productName: 'vite-electron',directories: {output: path.join(process.cwd(), "release"), //输出目录app: path.join(process.cwd(), "dist"), //app目录},linux: {"target": [{"target": "AppImage","arch": ["x64", "arm64"]}]}}})}}
}

修改源文件

src/App.vue

属于渲染进程

window.electronAPI.xxx() 就是预加载脚本（preload.ts）给渲染进程提供的使用 ipcRenderer 的方法
window.electronAPI.mtr 和 …mtr_p （mtr：main to renderer）用于监听主进程发过来的消息
由于 window.electronAPI.rtmmtr_p 使用 ipcRenderer.invoke，这是异步方法，如果不在其前面加 await 而直接获取会得到一个用于异步执行的对象（Promise），其内容包含了需要异步执行的东西，await 就是等待该对象运行结束从而获取正确值，而 await 需要其调用者是异步的，所以 increment() 也加上了 async（异步标志）

<script setup lang="ts">
import { RouterLink, RouterView } from 'vue-router'
import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld.vue'
import { ref } from 'vue'// 响应式状态
const count = ref(0)// 用来修改状态、触发更新的函数
async function increment() {count.value++window.electronAPI.rtm()window.electronAPI.rtm_p(`rtm_p ${count.value}`)const rtmmtr_p = await window.electronAPI.rtmmtr_p(`rtmmtr_p ${count.value}`)console.log(rtmmtr_p)
}window.electronAPI.mtr(() => {console.log('mtr')
})window.electronAPI.mtr_p((e: any, p: any) => {console.log(p)
})
</script><template><button @click="increment">hhh: {{ count }}</button><header><img alt="Vue logo" class="logo" src="@/assets/logo.svg" width="125" height="125" /><div class="wrapper"><HelloWorld msg="You did it!" /><nav><RouterLink to="/">Home</RouterLink><RouterLink to="/about">About</RouterLink></nav></div></header><RouterView />
</template><style scoped>
header {line-height: 1.5;max-height: 100vh;
}.logo {display: block;margin: 0 auto 2rem;
}nav {width: 100%;font-size: 12px;text-align: center;margin-top: 2rem;
}nav a.router-link-exact-active {color: var(--color-text);
}nav a.router-link-exact-active:hover {background-color: transparent;
}nav a {display: inline-block;padding: 0 1rem;border-left: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}nav a:first-of-type {border: 0;
}@media (min-width: 1024px) {header {display: flex;place-items: center;padding-right: calc(var(--section-gap) / 2);}.logo {margin: 0 2rem 0 0;}header .wrapper {display: flex;place-items: flex-start;flex-wrap: wrap;}nav {text-align: left;margin-left: -1rem;font-size: 1rem;padding: 1rem 0;margin-top: 1rem;}
}
</style>

修改配置文件

tsconfig.node.json

{"extends": "@tsconfig/node18/tsconfig.json","include": ["vite.config.*","vitest.config.*","cypress.config.*","nightwatch.conf.*","playwright.config.*","plugins/**/*.ts"],"compilerOptions": {"composite": true,"module": "ESNext","types": ["node"]}
}

vite.config.ts

import { fileURLToPath, URL } from 'node:url'import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
import vueJsx from '@vitejs/plugin-vue-jsx'
import { viteElectronDev } from './plugins/vite.electron.dev'
import { viteElectronBuild } from './plugins/vite.electron.build'// https://vitejs.dev/config/
export default defineConfig({plugins: [vue(),vueJsx(),viteElectronDev(),viteElectronBuild()],base: './', //默认绝对路径改为相对路径 否则打包白屏resolve: {alias: {'@': fileURLToPath(new URL('./src', import.meta.url))}}
})