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k8s集群部署（使用kubeadm部署工具进行快速部署，相关对应版本为docker20.10.0+k8s1.23.0+flannel）

news 2025/8/24 19:05:22

1. 安装要求

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

  • 一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
  • 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘20GB或更多
  • 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
  • 禁止swap分区

2. 准备环境

角色IP
master192.168.88.146
node1192.168.88.145
node2192.168.88.144
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久# 根据规划设置主机名（分别为k8smaster、k8snode1、k8snode2）
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname># 在三台机器中都添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.44.146 k8smaster
192.168.44.145 k8snode1
192.168.44.144 k8snode2
EOF#允许检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  # 生效# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com;hwclock --systohc

3. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。

3.1 安装Docker

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.0 docker-ce-cli-20.10.0 containerd.io
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://ogrhbvcd.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

3.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.23.0 kubeadm-1.23.0 kubectl-1.23.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet

4. 部署Kubernetes Master

在192.168.31.61（Master）执行。

kubeadm init \--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.88.146 \--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \--kubernetes-version v1.23.0 \--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \--ignore-preflight-errors=all

由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。

使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config#查看结点
kubectl get nodes

5. 加入Kubernetes Node

在192.168.88.145/144（两个Node）分别执行。

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

#这里以实际情况为准，不可直接复制
kubeadm join 192.168.88.146:6443 --token jsyb9j.ciokhd4r1to3nzxc --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:24229cd370978cbdde1c549bd36d27da7581ede172cb18a77755020b44f3c481

默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，操作如下：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

6. 部署CNI网络插件

ymal文件内容如下

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:name: psp.flannel.unprivilegedannotations:seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/defaultseccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/defaultapparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/defaultapparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:privileged: falsevolumes:- configMap- secret- emptyDir- hostPathallowedHostPaths:- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"readOnlyRootFilesystem: false# Users and groupsrunAsUser:rule: RunAsAnysupplementalGroups:rule: RunAsAnyfsGroup:rule: RunAsAny# Privilege EscalationallowPrivilegeEscalation: falsedefaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false# CapabilitiesallowedCapabilities: ["NET_ADMIN"]defaultAddCapabilities: []requiredDropCapabilities: []# Host namespaceshostPID: falsehostIPC: falsehostNetwork: truehostPorts:- min: 0max: 65535# SELinuxseLinux:# SELinux is unused in CaaSPrule: "RunAsAny"
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:name: flannel
rules:- apiGroups: ["extensions"]resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]verbs: ["use"]resourceNames: ["psp.flannel.unprivileged"]- apiGroups:- ""resources:- podsverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodesverbs:- list- watch- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodes/statusverbs:- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:name: flannel
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: flannel
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: flannelnamespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: flannelnamespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: kube-flannel-cfgnamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
data:cni-conf.json: |{"name": "cbr0","cniVersion": "0.3.1","plugins": [{"type": "flannel","delegate": {"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true}},{"type": "portmap","capabilities": {"portMappings": true}}]}net-conf.json: |{"Network": "10.244.0.0/16","Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64namespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- amd64hostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:amd64command:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:amd64command:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64namespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- arm64hostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:arm64command:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:arm64command:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-armnamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- armhostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:armcommand:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:armcommand:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64lenamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- ppc64lehostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:ppc64lecommand:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:ppc64lecommand:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-s390xnamespace: kube-systemlabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linux- key: kubernetes.io/archoperator: Invalues:- s390xhostNetwork: truetolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cniimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:s390xcommand:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannelimage: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:s390xcommand:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacevolumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/volumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg

文件直接通过shell软件放到当前目录，执行如下操作

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

查看运行情况，全部running时，使用kubectl get nodes，可以看到结点状态为ready，则为部署完毕。

kubectl get pods -n kube-systemkubectl get nodes

若仍存在k8sNotReady情况，这里提供如下一种解决方案：

【 failed to find plugin “flannel” in path [/opt/cni/bin]】
需要下载CNI插件：CNI plugins v0.8.6

github下载地址：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/tag/v0.8.6

下载后通过shell软件 上传到Linux中的/home目录并解压

tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz

复制 flannel 到 /opt/cni/bin/即可

[root@k8s-node1 home]# cp flannel /opt/cni/bin/

7. 测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

$ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc #查看端口映射

访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port

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