Ubuntu 25.04 安装 pyenv 并配置多个 python 版本
目录
1、安装 pyenv
1.1、安装命令
1.2、按照脚本的提示，将以下内容添加到 ~/.bashrc 文件：
1.3、重新加载 shell 配置：
1.4、安装完pyenv后，不能直接进行下面的操作，pyenv 本质是从python官网下载然后替你进行编译，本地需要一些编译工具以及依赖库，下面进行安装
1.5、tips 如果没有之前的操作，导致编译失败，可能会出现下面的日志：
1.5.1、清理之前的失败安装
2、使用 pyenv 安装 Python 版本
验证安装
设置当前版本
1、安装 pyenv
1.1、安装命令
curl https://pyenv.run | bash1.2、按照脚本的提示，将以下内容添加到 ~/.bashrc 文件：
# Load pyenv automatically by appending
# the following to
# ~/.bash_profile if it exists, otherwise ~/.profile (for login shells)
# and ~/.bashrc (for interactive shells) :export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init - bash)"# Restart your shell for the changes to take effect.# Load pyenv-virtualenv automatically by adding
# the following to ~/.bashrc:eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
逐行解释：
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"设置环境变量PYENV_ROOT，定义pyenv的安装目录（默认为~/.pyenv）。[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"检查$PYENV_ROOT/bin目录是否存在，如果存在，则将其添加到PATH环境变量开头。目的是让 Shell 优先从pyenv的目录中查找命令（如pyenv可执行文件）。eval "$(pyenv init - bash)"初始化pyenv，并配置 Shell 的自动补全和路径管理功能。- bash表示针对 Bash Shell 的配置。- eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"启用
pyenv-virtualenv插件（用于管理虚拟环境）。自动激活或退出虚拟环境（当进入/离开包含.python-version文件的目录时）。
1.3、重新加载 shell 配置：
source ~/.bashrc1.4、安装完pyenv后，不能直接进行下面的操作，pyenv 本质是从python官网下载然后替你进行编译，本地需要一些编译工具以及依赖库，下面进行安装
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y \build-essential \zlib1g-dev \libbz2-dev \libreadline-dev \libsqlite3-dev \libncurses-dev \libssl-dev \libffi-dev \liblzma-dev \tk-dev \python3-tk \wget \curl \llvm关键依赖说明：
libbz2-dev：解决_bz2模块缺失问题。
libssl-dev：解决_ssl模块缺失问题（OpenSSL）。
libffi-dev：解决_ctypes模块缺失问题。
libreadline-dev：解决readline模块缺失问题。
libncurses-dev：解决_curses模块缺失问题。
1.5、tips 如果没有之前的操作，导致编译失败，可能会出现下面的日志：
elenda@elenda-ThinkBook-16-G7-IAH:~$ pyenv install 3.12 Downloading Python-3.12.11.tar.xz... -> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.11/Python-3.12.11.tar.xz Installing Python-3.12.11... Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/home/elenda/.pyenv/versions/3.12.11/lib/python3.12/bz2.py", line 17, in <module> from _bz2 import BZ2Compressor, BZ2Decompressor ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2' WARNING: The Python bz2 extension was not compiled. Missing the bzip2 lib? Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/home/elenda/.pyenv/versions/3.12.11/lib/python3.12/curses/__init__.py", line 13, in <module> from _curses import * ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_curses' WARNING: The Python curses extension was not compiled. Missing the ncurses lib? Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/home/elenda/.pyenv/versions/3.12.11/lib/python3.12/ctypes/__init__.py", line 8, in <module> from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes' WARNING: The Python ctypes extension was not compiled. Missing the libffi lib? Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readline' WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib? Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "/home/elenda/.pyenv/versions/3.12.11/lib/python3.12/ssl.py", line 100, in <module> import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate ^^^^^^^^^^^ ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl' ERROR: The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenSSL lib? Please consult to the Wiki page to fix the problem. https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems BUILD FAILED (Ubuntu 25.04 using python-build 2.6.5) Inspect or clean up the working tree at /tmp/python-build.20250807135721.14689 Results logged to /tmp/python-build.20250807135721.14689.log Last 10 log lines: LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp/python-build.20250807135721.14689/Python-3.12.11 ./python -E -m ensurepip \ $ensurepip --root=/ ; \ fi WARNING: Disabling truststore since ssl support is missing Looking in links: /tmp/tmpx2oh0blj Processing /tmp/tmpx2oh0blj/pip-25.0.1-py3-none-any.whl Installing collected packages: pip WARNING: The scripts pip3 and pip3.12 are installed in '/home/elenda/.pyenv/versions/3.12.11/bin' which is not on PATH. Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location. Successfully installed pip-25.0.1
这个错误表明在通过 pyenv 安装 Python 3.12.11 时，编译过程中缺少多个关键的依赖库，导致部分 Python 内置模块（如 _bz2、_ssl、_ctypes 等）无法编译。
1.5.1、清理之前的失败安装
删除之前编译失败的 Python 3.12.11 残留文件：
rm -rf /tmp/python-build.* # 清理临时编译目录
pyenv uninstall 3.12.11 # 如果已部分安装，先卸载2、使用 pyenv 安装 Python 版本
pyenv install <version> # pyenv install 3.12验证安装
pyenv versions会输出下面的内容
elenda@elenda-ThinkBook-16-G7-IAH:~$ pyenv versions
system
* 3.12.11 (set by /home/elenda/.pyenv/version)
前面带星号表示当前设置的python版本，这个我已经设置过了
设置当前版本
pyenv global 3.12.11