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CSS系列（9）-- Transform 变换详解

news 2025/7/20 6:30:25

前端技术探索系列：CSS Transform 变换详解 🔄

致读者：探索 CSS 变换的魔力 👋

前端开发者们，

今天我们将深入探讨 CSS Transform，学习如何创建引人注目的 2D 和 3D 变换效果。

2D 变换基础 🚀

基础变换函数

/* 基础变换 */
.transform-2d {/* 平移 */transform: translate(50px, 30px);transform: translateX(50px);transform: translateY(30px);/* 缩放 */transform: scale(1.5);transform: scaleX(1.5);transform: scaleY(0.8);/* 旋转 */transform: rotate(45deg);/* 倾斜 */transform: skew(10deg, 20deg);transform: skewX(10deg);transform: skewY(20deg);
}/* 组合变换 */
.combined-transform {transform: translate(50px, 30px) rotate(45deg) scale(1.5);
}/* 变换原点 */
.transform-origin {transform-origin: left top;transform: rotate(45deg);
}

实用 2D 效果

/* 悬停效果 */
.hover-card {transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}.hover-card:hover {transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.05);
}/* 翻转卡片 */
.flip-card {perspective: 1000px;
}.flip-card-inner {transition: transform 0.6s;transform-style: preserve-3d;
}.flip-card:hover .flip-card-inner {transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

3D 变换详解 🎯

3D 变换基础

/* 3D 变换设置 */
.transform-3d {/* 3D 平移 */transform: translate3d(x, y, z);transform: translateZ(50px);/* 3D 旋转 */transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 45deg);transform: rotateX(45deg);transform: rotateY(45deg);transform: rotateZ(45deg);/* 3D 视角 */perspective: 1000px;perspective-origin: center center;
}/* 3D 空间 */
.space-3d {transform-style: preserve-3d;backface-visibility: hidden;
}

创意 3D 效果

/* 3D 翻书效果 */
.book {perspective: 1000px;
}.page {transform-origin: left center;transition: transform 0.6s;
}.page:hover {transform: rotateY(-180deg);
}/* 3D 立方体 */
.cube {width: 200px;height: 200px;position: relative;transform-style: preserve-3d;animation: rotate 10s infinite linear;
}.cube-face {position: absolute;width: 100%;height: 100%;backface-visibility: hidden;
}.front  { transform: translateZ(100px); }
.back   { transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(100px); }
.right  { transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(100px); }
.left   { transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(100px); }
.top    { transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(100px); }
.bottom { transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(100px); }

实践项目：3D 转换器 🛠️

class Transform3DGenerator {constructor(options = {}) {this.options = {perspective: 1000,rotationSpeed: 0.5,easing: 'ease',...options};this.init();}init() {this.createStyles();this.setupControls();this.setupAnimations();}createStyles() {const style = document.createElement('style');style.textContent = this.generateStyles();document.head.appendChild(style);}generateStyles() {return `.transform-container {perspective: ${this.options.perspective}px;perspective-origin: 50% 50%;}.transform-element {transform-style: preserve-3d;transition: transform ${this.options.rotationSpeed}s ${this.options.easing};}.transform-face {position: absolute;backface-visibility: hidden;}${this.generateAnimationStyles()}`;}generateAnimationStyles() {return `@keyframes rotate3d {from {transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 0deg);}to {transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 360deg);}}.rotate-animation {animation: rotate3d 10s infinite linear;}`;}createTransform(element, transforms) {const matrix = this.calculateTransformMatrix(transforms);element.style.transform = `matrix3d(${matrix.join(',')})`;}calculateTransformMatrix(transforms) {// 计算3D变换矩阵let matrix = [1, 0, 0, 0,0, 1, 0, 0,0, 0, 1, 0,0, 0, 0, 1];transforms.forEach(transform => {matrix = this.multiplyMatrices(matrix, this.getTransformMatrix(transform));});return matrix;}getTransformMatrix({ type, value }) {// 根据变换类型返回对应的变换矩阵switch(type) {case 'rotate':return this.getRotationMatrix(value);case 'translate':return this.getTranslationMatrix(value);case 'scale':return this.getScaleMatrix(value);default:return this.getIdentityMatrix();}}setupAnimations() {document.querySelectorAll('.transform-element').forEach(element => {element.addEventListener('mouseover', () => {this.startAnimation(element);});element.addEventListener('mouseout', () => {this.stopAnimation(element);});});}startAnimation(element) {const animation = element.dataset.animation;if (animation) {element.style.animation = animation;}}stopAnimation(element) {element.style.animation = 'none';}
}