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关于Selenium的网页对象单元测试的设计模式

news 2025/7/20 17:08:52

写在前面：经过了实践总结一下经验，心得进行一个分享。

首先driver是可以单独抽出来的，变成一个driver函数放在driver.py。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Optionsdef get_chrome_driver():# 启动driveroptions = Options()# 替换为你本地的Chromed路径options.binary_location = r"D:\software\Chrome-bin\chrome.exe"# 替换为你本地的Chromedriver路径chromedriver_path = r'D:\software\Chrome-bin\chromedriver.exe'# 使用Service对象指定Chromedriver路径service = Service(chromedriver_path)driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)return driver

然后我们新建page.py，在这里我们只处理页面的对象，因此我们创建页面类在此，当然这个页面类需要和HTML元素和驱动进行组合才能形成一个页面。

我们创建BasePage，以后的页面类都用它作为基类。首先是传一个驱动，组合起来

class BasePage(object):"""Base class to initialize the base page that will be called from allpages"""def __init__(self, driver):self.driver = driverclass LoginPage(BasePage):def __init__(self, driver):super().__init__(driver)

接着我们在element.py创建元素的基类，以后的元素类都继承自它

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitclass BaseElement(object):"""Base page class that is initialized on every page object class."""locator = Nonedef __set__(self, obj, value):"""Sets the text to the value supplied"""driver = obj.driverWebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(lambda dri: dri.find_element(*self.locator))driver.find_element(*self.locator).clear()driver.find_element(*self.locator).send_keys(value)def __get__(self, obj, owner):"""Gets the specified element object"""driver = obj.driverWebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(lambda dri: dri.find_element(*self.locator))self.element = driver.find_element(*self.locator)return self.elementdef click(self):self.element.click()def get_text(self):return self.element.get_attribute("value")

接着我们在locator.py创建定位器类，没什么特别，就是作为一个类似字典的静态类存放元素的位置

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byclass LonginPageLocators(object):"""A class for login page locators. All login page locators should come here"""basic_username = (By.ID, 'basic_username')basic_password = (By.ID, 'basic_password')details_button = (By.ID, 'details-button')proceed_link = (By.ID, 'proceed-link')login_button = (By.ID, 'submitBtn')

准备工作就绪，那么我们来编写LoginPage吧~
首先组合我们需要的HTML元素，然后编写一个login业务函数进行业务处理。


class BasePage(object):"""Base class to initialize the base page that will be called from allpages"""def __init__(self, driver):self.driver = driverclass LoginPage(BasePage):def __init__(self, driver):super().__init__(driver)class DetailButtonElement(BaseElement):locator = LonginPageLocators.details_buttonclass ProceedLinkElement(BaseElement):locator = LonginPageLocators.proceed_linkclass UsernameTextElement(BaseElement):locator = LonginPageLocators.basic_usernameclass PasswordTextElement(BaseElement):locator = LonginPageLocators.basic_passwordclass LoginButtonElement(BaseElement):locator = LonginPageLocators.login_buttonclass RankBoxElement(BaseElement):locator = LonginPageLocators.rank_boxdetail_button_ele = DetailButtonElement()proceed_link_ele = ProceedLinkElement()username_text_ele = UsernameTextElement()password_text_ele = PasswordTextElement()login_button_ele = LoginButtonElement()rank_box_ele = RankBoxElement()def login(self):self.detail_button_ele.click()self.proceed_link_ele.click()self.username_text_ele = 'admin'self.password_text_ele = '123456'self.login_button_ele.click()_ = self.rank_box_ele  # just test web is complete

_ = self.rank_box_ele小细节是用来测试是否进入主页面的。

回到单元测试.py添加测试函数，debug运行。

    def test_login(self):login_page = page.LoginPage(self.driver)login_page.login()

当我们登录成功后，我们就可以跳转到我们需要页面，进行脚本处理。当然了进入了新的页面，别忘了创建新的页面类。在我的例子中就是创建了新的页面类ResourceDetailPage以便完成后续的业务。

    def test_turn_to_resource(self):self.test_login()# 页面跳转self.driver.get("https://127.0.0.1:38000/#/resource/detail/3668")def test_resource_delete(self):self.test_turn_to_resource()# 创建新的page对象resource_detail_page = page.ResourceDetailPage(self.driver)# 在新的page处理业务...resource_detail_page.while_delete()