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sql命令大全

news 2025/8/12 0:10:26

一：基本命令

1.数据库连接

mysql -h 主机名 -u root -p

2.添加用户

insert into user (host,user,password,select_priv,insert_priv,update_priv) values ('localhost','guest',password('guest123'),'Y','Y','Y');

3.创建用户

create user 'username'@'host' identified by 'password';
create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';

4.对db_name下所有表都有查询(SELECT)权限

grant select on db_name.* to 'username'@'%';

5对所有表有全部权限

grant all on *.* to 'username'@'%';

5.删除用户

drop user 'username'@'host';

6.修改用户密码

set password for 'username'@'host' = password('123password');

7.创建数据库病设置字符集和排序规则

create database data_name;
create database data_name character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

8.删除数据库

drop table data_name;

二:操作命令

1.显示表属性

desc user_table;
show columns from user_table;

2.显示数据表的索引信息

show index from user_table;

3.示数据库所有以run开头的表信息

show table status like'run%';

4.创建表

create table 'run_tb'('run_id',int unsigend auto_increment,'run_title', varchar(100) not null,'run_author',varchar(40) not null,'sub_data',date,primary key('run_id')

5.插入数据

insert into table_name(field1,field2,field3,field4) values(value1,value2,value3,value4);

6.更改字段类型

alter table system_info modify column ip varchar(100) ;

7.更改字段为非空

alter table system_info alter column ip set not null;

8.添加字段

alter table system_info add email varchar(30);

9.删除字段

alter table system_info drop column email;

10.字段改名

alter table system_info rename email to new_email;

11.清空表或删除记录

delete from table_name; 或 delete from table_name where id=1;

12.插入记录

insert into table_name(field1,field2,field3) values(value1,value2,value3);

13.更新记录

update table_name set field2="张三" where id =3;

14.修改表名

alter table table_name rename to new_table_name;

15.模糊查询,%表示任意字符

select *  from Student where name like "%三%"

16.多条件查询and,or

select * from Sudent where age between 18 and 50;
select * from Student where age >18 and age <60 and address='上海'

17.去重

select distinct address from Student;

18.排序 asc升序,desc倒序

select * from Student order by age desc;

19.查询上做计算

select age*3 name from Student;

20.最大max,最小min,平均avg,求和sum,个数count

select count(id) from Student;

21.分组查询 group by 将某一列相同数据视为一组

使用了group by,select后只能跟分组列和聚合函数
查询人数大于3的地区的最大年龄
select address,max(age) from Student group by address having count(*)>3;

22.分页

select * from Student limit 3,5; # 从第三条记录,查询五条
select * from Student limit (n-1)*m,m; # 第n也查询m条记录

23.join连表查询 on 条件

select Sites.id,Sites.name,Log.count,Log.date from Sites inner join Log on Sites.id=Log.site_id;

三: 复制,导入导出数据

1.复制n条记录并创建

INSERT into reyo (num,overtime) SELECT num,overtime from reyo where id IN(1,3,5,6,7,9);
INSERT into reyo (`num`,`overtime`) SELECT `num`,`overtime` from reyo where id IN(1,3,5,6,7,9);

2.导出整个数据库

mysqldump -u root -p dbname>dbname.sql

3.导出表 show variables like '%secure%'查看安全目录

mysqldump -u root -p dbname users>dbname_users.sql
SELECT * FROM runoob_tbl  INTO OUTFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/Dbug_manangement.txt';
SELECT * FROM users  INTO OUTFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/users.sql';

4.导入备份的整个数据库

mysql -u root -p < Detector.sql     # 需要再sql文件创建或指定数据库
mysql>source /home/abc/abc.sql      # 进入数据库下use Detector

5.插入数据到某个表

load data local infile "/var/lib/mysql-files/CaseUrl.sql" into table CaseUrl;
load data local infile "/var/lib/mysql-files/CaseUrl.sql" into table CaseUrl
(id,name, url, status_code, result, processresult, proposal,@create_time,test_time,case_id) FIELDS TERMINATED BY ', '
set create_time=DATE_FORMAT(@create_time,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s")