Linux下more命令C语言实现实践
1. more第一版
实现基础功能,显示每一页固定24行文本,“q Enter”退出, “Enter” 下一行, “space Enter”下一页。/*************************************************************************> File Name: more01.c> Author: qianlv> Mail: qianlv7@qq.com > Created Time: 2014年04月24日 星期四 14时58分25秒> more01.c - version 0.1 of more> read and print 24 lines then pause for a few special commands************************************************************************/#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PAGELEN 24
#define LINELEN 514
void do_more(FILE *);
int see_more();
int main(int ac, char *av[])
{FILE *fp;if(ac==1)do_more(stdin);// more 后无参数,读取stdinelse{while(--ac)if( (fp = fopen(* ++av, "r")) != NULL) // 打开文件 {printf("%s\n", *av);do_more(fp);fclose(fp);}elseexit(1);}return 0;
}void do_more(FILE *fp)
{char line[LINELEN];//int see_more();int reply;int number_line = 0;while(fgets(line, LINELEN, fp) != NULL){if(number_line == PAGELEN){reply = see_more();if(reply == 0) break;number_line -= reply;}if( fputs(line, stdout) == EOF)exit(1);number_line ++;}
}int see_more()
{int c;printf("\033[7m more? \033[m");while( (c = getchar()) != EOF ){if(c == 'q')return 0;if(c == ' ')return PAGELEN;if(c == '\n')return 1;}return 0;
}
2.more第二版
解决上一个版本“ls -l /etc | ./more01”, “ls -l /etc” 输出重定向为“./more01” 输入时 由于see_more() 函数中getchar()与do_more(FILE *fp)中读取都是stdin中的数据,时输出一页后不回暂停等待命令。解决方法是: see_more()改为通过/dev/tty(键盘与显示设备的描述文件),读取键。
/*************************************************************************> File Name: more02.c> Author: qianlv> Mail: qianlv7@qq.com > Created Time: 2014年04月24日 星期四 15时39分51秒> more02.c - version 0.2 of more> read and print 24 lines the pause for a few special commands> feature of version 0.2: reads form /dev/tty for commands************************************************************************/#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PAGELEN 24
#define LINELEN 514
void do_more(FILE *);
int see_more(FILE *);
int main(int ac, char *av[])
{FILE *fp;if(ac==1)do_more(stdin);else{while(--ac)if( (fp = fopen(* ++av, "r")) != NULL){do_more(fp);fclose(fp);}elseexit(1);}return 0;
}void do_more(FILE *fp)
{char line[LINELEN];//int see_more();int reply;int number_line = 0;FILE *fp_tty;fp_tty = fopen("/dev/tty", "r");//打开/dev/tty设备文件if(fp_tty == NULL)exit(1);while(fgets(line, LINELEN, fp) != NULL){if(number_line == PAGELEN){reply = see_more(fp_tty);if(reply == 0) break;number_line -= reply;}if( fputs(line, stdout) == EOF)exit(1);number_line ++;}
}int see_more(FILE *cmd)
{int c;printf("\033[7m more? \033[m");while( (c = getc(cmd)) != EOF ) //此处的getchar()从stdin读取数据,getc(cmd)从文件cmd(/dev/tty)中读入数据{if(c == 'q')return 0;if(c == ' ')return PAGELEN;if(c == '\n')return 1;}return 0;
}
3. more第三版
通过修改终端属性,无需输入回车,立即响应输入字符命令
/*************************************************************************> File Name: more04.c> Author: qianlv> Mail: qianlv7@qq.com > Created Time: 2014年04月25日 星期五 10时23分22秒> 添加键入字符立即响应程序************************************************************************/#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#define PAGELEN 24
#define LINELEN 514
void do_more(FILE *);
int see_more(FILE *);
int main(int ac, char *av[])
{FILE *fp;if(ac==1)do_more(stdin);else{while(--ac)if( (fp = fopen(* ++av, "r")) != NULL){do_more(fp);fclose(fp);}elseexit(1);}return 0;
}void do_more(FILE *fp)
{char line[LINELEN];int reply;int number_line = 0;FILE *fp_tty_in, *fp_tty_out;fp_tty_in = fopen("/dev/tty", "r");fp_tty_out = fopen("/dev/tty", "w");struct termios initial_settings, new_settings;tcgetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), &initial_settings);//获取当前终端的属性。new_settings = initial_settings;new_settings.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;//设置终端为非标准模式//new_settings.c_lflag &= ~ECHO; //设置终端不回显//设置读入一个字符,立即返回字符。new_settings.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; new_settings.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;if(tcsetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), TCSANOW, &new_settings) != 0) { // 重新配置终端接口fprintf(stderr, "could not set attributes\n");}while(fgets(line, LINELEN, fp) != NULL){if(number_line == PAGELEN){reply = see_more(fp_tty_in);if(reply == 0) break;number_line -= reply;}if( fputs(line, fp_tty_out) == EOF){tcsetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), TCSANOW, &initial_settings); // 恢复终端接口的配置exit(1);}number_line ++;}tcsetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), TCSANOW, &initial_settings);// 恢复终端接口的配置
}
int see_more(FILE *cmd)
{int c;printf("\033[7m more? \033[m");do {c = fgetc(cmd);if(c == 'q')return 0;if(c == ' ')return PAGELEN;if(c == '\n')return 1;}while(1);return 0;
}
4. more第四版
解决"more?"重复出现的问题,已经每页行数根据终端大小动态决定,由于每次读取一行文本不等于终端行数,所以存在bug。显示文件已经显示占总文件的百分比,显示多个文件时,分别显示出文件名。
/*************************************************************************> File Name: more04.c> Author: qianlv> Mail: qianlv7@qq.com > Created Time: 2014年04月25日 星期五 14时31分07秒> 解决"more?"重复出现的问题,已经每页行数根据终端大小动态决定,由于> 文件的一行可能占2行以上终端行数,所有有小bug,显示出已经显示的文> 件占文件总大小的百分比,如果显示的是多个文件,那么显示出当前读取> 的文件的文件名。************************************************************************/#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <term.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define LINELEN 514
static unsigned long filesize = 0; // 文件的总字节数
static unsigned long input_filesize = 0; // 已经显示的字节数
static FILE *out_stream = (FILE *) 0;
static int filesum = 0; // 当前要显示的文件个数
void clear_more(int, int, FILE *); //“el”删除一行到行尾,用于清除“more?”.
int cols_more(FILE *fp); // 获取终端列数
int lines_more(FILE *); // 获取终端行数
int char_to_terminal(int ); // 一个与putchar函数有相同的参数和返回值的函数,用于tputs函数的调用。
void do_more(FILE *, char *filename);
int see_more(FILE *,int, int);
unsigned long get_filesize(FILE *);
int main(int ac, char *av[])
{FILE *fp;filesum = ac - 1;if(ac==1)do_more(stdin,(char *)0);else{while(--ac)if( (fp = fopen(* ++av, "r")) != NULL){filesize = input_filesize = 0; //清空前一个文件的大小。filesize = get_filesize(fp);do_more(fp, *av);fclose(fp);}elseexit(1);}return 0;
}void do_more(FILE *fp, char *filename)
{char line[LINELEN];int reply;int number_line = 0;FILE *fp_tty_in, *fp_tty_out;fp_tty_in = fopen("/dev/tty", "r");fp_tty_out = fopen("/dev/tty", "w");struct termios initial_settings, new_settings;tcgetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), &initial_settings);//获取当前终端的属性。new_settings = initial_settings;new_settings.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;//设置终端为非标准模式new_settings.c_lflag &= ~ECHO; //设置终端不回显//设置读入一个字符,立即返回字符。new_settings.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; new_settings.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;if(tcsetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), TCSANOW, &new_settings) != 0) { // 重新配置终端接口fprintf(stderr, "could not set attributes\n");}int Pagelen = lines_more(fp_tty_in) - 1; //终端行数int PageCol = cols_more(fp_tty_in); //终端列数int add_line;if(filesum > 1) //显示的文件个数 > 1 那么把文件名也显示出来。{fprintf(fp_tty_out, "-------> %s <-------\n",filename);number_line = 1;}while(fgets(line, LINELEN, fp) != NULL){if(number_line >= Pagelen) //输出的行数大于终端行数时,即为一页,原因是每次读取文件的一行,可能占用终端2行以上。{reply = see_more(fp_tty_in,Pagelen, add_line);int prePage = Pagelen;Pagelen = lines_more(fp_tty_in) - 1; //终端行数PageCol = cols_more(fp_tty_in); //终端列数if(prePage < Pagelen)clear_more(Pagelen-1, 0, fp_tty_out); //移动游标至"more?"这一行最前面,然后清除此行。elseclear_more(Pagelen, 0, fp_tty_out);if(reply == 0) break;if(number_line != Pagelen && reply == 1) // 当终端变大时,且按下时回车“enter”,应把number_line改为终端倒数第二行。number_line = Pagelen -1;elsenumber_line -= reply;}if( fputs(line, fp_tty_out) == EOF){tcsetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), TCSANOW, &initial_settings); // 恢复终端接口的配置exit(1);}int line_len = strlen(line);input_filesize += (unsigned long)line_len;//叠加字节个数。add_line = (line_len + PageCol - 1)/PageCol;number_line += add_line; //文档的行数不等于终端显示的行数,因为一行字符串可能占据2行以上。 //number_line ++;//fprintf(te, "%d: %d - %d %s",nll++,number_line, add_line,line);}tcsetattr(fileno(fp_tty_in), TCSANOW, &initial_settings);// 恢复终端接口的配置
}
void clear_more(int posx,int posy,FILE *fp)
{char *el;char *cursor;out_stream = fp;cursor = tigetstr("cup"); el = tigetstr("el");tputs(tparm(cursor, posx, posy), 1, char_to_terminal); //移动关闭至(posx,posy)处。sleep(1);tputs(el, 1, char_to_terminal);//清除此行至行尾。}
int see_more(FILE *cmd,int Pagelen, int add_line)
{int c;if(filesize > 0 ) // 如果重定向的输入无法获取大小,则不要显示百分比。printf("\033[7m more? \033[m %lu%%",input_filesize*100/filesize);elseprintf("\033[7m more? \033[m ");do {c = fgetc(cmd);if(c == 'q')return 0;if(c == ' '){return Pagelen;}if(c == '\n' || c == '\r') //非标准模式下,默认回车和换行之间的映射已不存在,所以检查回车符'\r'。return add_line;}while(1);return 0;
}
int char_to_terminal(int char_to_write)
{if(out_stream) putc(char_to_write,out_stream);return 0;
}
int lines_more(FILE *fp)
{int nrows;setupterm(NULL, fileno(fp), (int *)0);nrows = tigetnum("lines");return nrows;
}
int cols_more(FILE *fp)
{int ncols;setupterm(NULL, fileno(fp), (int *)0);ncols = tigetnum("cols");return ncols;
}
unsigned long get_filesize(FILE *fp)
{struct stat buf;if(fstat(fileno(fp), &buf) < 0)return (unsigned long) 0;return (unsigned long) buf.st_size;
}
5. 参考书籍
- 《Linux 程序设计 第四版》 by Neil Matthew,Richard Stones 人民邮电出版社。
- Unix/Linux 编程实践教程 by Bruce Molay 清华大学出版社。