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调用.net DLL让CANoe自动识别串口号

article 2025/8/15 20:41:24

1.前言

CANoe9.0用CAPL控制数控电源_canoe读取程控电源电流值-CSDN博客

之前做CAPL通过串口控制数控电源，存在一个缺点：更换电脑需要改串口号

CSDN上有类似的博客，不过要收费，本文根据VID和PID来自动获取串口号，代码少，使用起来更方便

本文可以告诉大家

（1）C#中如何根据VID和PID来获取串口号

（2）CAPL如何调用C#的DLL

（3）如何获取设备的VID和PID

（4）如何创建C#的DLL

2.开发环境

2.1硬件环境

科睿源 KA3005P

2.2软件环境

Win10 + CANoe12.0 + VS2013

3.参考资料

CANoe Help文档

4.自动识别串口原理

4.1方案一

枚举所有串口，分别询问每个串口是否是指定设备，优点是通用，缺点是速度慢

4.2方案二

根据设备的VID和PID获取串口号，优点是速度快，缺点是只适合USB转串口，如果存在多个同类设备，仍然需要每个询问

由于KA3005P是USB接口的虚拟串口，因此我这里选择方案二

5.创建C# DLL

5.1 注意事项

5.2 创建DLL工程

5.3 代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Ports;
using UCANHelper;namespace SerialPortAutoDetect
{public class SerialPortAutoDetect{public static int GetAllPorts(int[] ports, int maxLength){var port_names = SerialPort.GetPortNames();int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < ports.Length && i < maxLength; i++){string num = port_names[i].Replace("COM", "");ports[i] = Convert.ToInt32(num);}return i;}public static int GetPortsByVidPid(int[] ports, int maxLength, ushort vid, ushort pid){List<string> names = USB_Help.ComPortNames(vid.ToString("X4"), pid.ToString("X4"));int i = 0;for (i = 0; i < names.Count && i < maxLength; i++){string num = names[i].Replace("COM", "");ports[i] = Convert.ToInt32(num);}return i;}}
}

USB_Help.cs

using Microsoft.Win32;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace UCANHelper
{class USB_Help{#region 根据VID PID通过注册表获取端口号public static List<string> ComPortNames(String VID, String PID){//https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/ask/sof/115144954RegistryKey rk1 = Registry.LocalMachine;RegistryKey rk2 = rk1.OpenSubKey("SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum");String pattern = String.Format("^VID_{0}.PID_{1}", VID, PID);Regex _rx = new Regex(pattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);List<string> ports = new List<string>();string[] pc_com_ports = SerialPort.GetPortNames();foreach (String s3 in rk2.GetSubKeyNames()){RegistryKey rk3 = rk2.OpenSubKey(s3);foreach (String s in rk3.GetSubKeyNames()){if (_rx.Match(s).Success){RegistryKey rk4 = rk3.OpenSubKey(s);foreach (String s2 in rk4.GetSubKeyNames()){RegistryKey rk5 = rk4.OpenSubKey(s2);RegistryKey rk6 = rk5.OpenSubKey("Device Parameters");string port_name = (string)rk6.GetValue("PortName");if (port_name != null && pc_com_ports.Contains<string>(port_name)){ports.Add(port_name);}}}}}return ports;}#endregion}
}

编译，生成SerialPortAutoDetect.dll

6.获取设备的VID和PID

在设备管理器中，找到端口，右击属性

7.CAPL中访问

仅有初始化部分，其他的参考之前的博客

includes
{#pragma netlibrary("..\DLL\SerialPortAutoDetect.dll")
}variables
{// GLOBALconst int kBUFFER_SIZE = 1000;const int kINFO        = 1;const int kWARN        = 2;const int kERROR       = 3;const int kHANDSHAKE_DISABLED = 0;const int kHANDSHAKE_RTSCTS   = 33;// define for dp serial port com9dword port = 6;const dword baudrate = 9600;const dword dataBits = 8;const dword stopBits = 1;const dword parity = 0;//0:none 1:even 0:odd// data is copied from callback buffer to gReceiverBuffer (collects data)byte gReceiverCallbackBuffer[kBUFFER_SIZE];byte gReceivedBuffer[kBUFFER_SIZE];dword gReceivedIndex= 0;// state variablebyte gSending = 0;byte gGetValueSt = 0;byte gSetValueSt = 0;msTimer t100ms;msTimer t20ms;dword vid = 0x0416;dword pid = 0x5011;
}on preStart
{InitSerialPort();  
}on start
{setTimer(t100ms,100);
}
//RS232 Init
InitSerialPort()
{long ports[10];long count=0;count=SerialPortAutoDetect::SerialPortAutoDetect::GetPortsByVidPid(ports,10,vid,pid);if(count > 0){port=ports[0];writeLineEx(0,kINFO,"Find %d serial port, use first serial port: %d.", count, port);}else{writeLineEx(0,kINFO,"Can not find any serial port, use default serial port %d.", port);}    // close serial port (port may have changed, former port shall not remain open)if(Rs232Close(port)!=1)writeLineEx(0,kERROR,"An error occurred during closing of the serial port %d.", port);    // set state (close aborts all open requests)gSending = 0;// open the serial port (comes up with Windows defaults)if(Rs232Open(port)==1)writeLineEx(0,kINFO, "Serial port %d successfully opened.", port);    elsewriteLineEx(0,kERROR,"An error occurred during opening of the serial port %d.", port);    // configure the serial port// - just take the panel contentif(Rs232Configure(port,baudrate,dataBits,stopBits,parity)==1)writeLineEx(0,kINFO, "Serial port %d successfully initialized.", port);    elsewriteLineEx(0,kERROR,"An error occurred during initialization of the serial port %d.", port);    // port, handshake, xonLim, xoffLim, xonChar, xoffChar, writeTimeout// without last timeout parameter: use default timeout// for transmission of small amounts of data one may not need to use handshake ! // e.g. 33 for RTS/CTS as second parameter for large volumes of data, 0 for small volumesif(Rs232SetHandshake(port, kHANDSHAKE_DISABLED, 0, 0, 0, 0))writeLineEx(0,kINFO, "Handshake parameters for serial port %d successfully configured.", port);    elsewriteLineEx(0,kERROR,"An error occurred during the serial port %d configuration of handshake parameters.", port);// set buffer for reception (otherwise callback would not work)if(Rs232Receive(port, gReceiverCallbackBuffer, kBUFFER_SIZE))writeLineEx(0,kINFO, "Receiver buffer for serial port %d successfully set.", port);    elsewriteLineEx(0,kERROR,"An error occurred during setting the receiver buffer for serial port %d.", port);
}