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C语言数据结构

article 2025/9/7 15:37:00

单链表

头文件：lin.h

#ifndef __LINK_H__
#define __LINK_H__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int DataType;

/*节点数据类型*/
typedef struct node
{
DataType data; //数据域
struct node *pNext; //指针域
}LinkNode;

/* 标签数据类型 */
typedef struct list
{
LinkNode *pHead; //链表头节点指针
int cLen; //当前链表节点个数
}LinkList;

#endif

源文件：link.c

#include "link.h"

创建一个新节点：
LinkList *createLinkList()
{
LinkList *pList = NULL;

   pList = malloc(sizeof(LinkList));
   if (NULL == pList)
   {
       perror("fail to malloc");
       return NULL;
   }
   pList->pHead = NULL;
   pList->cLen = 0;

return pList;
}

头插：
int insertHeadLinkList(LinkList *pList, DataType data)
{
   LinkNode * pInsertNode = malloc(sizeof(LinkNode));
   if (NULL == pInsertNode)
   {
       perror("fail to malloc");
       return -1;
   }
   pInsertNode->data = data;

   pInsertNode->pNext = pList->pHead;
   pList->pHead = pInsertNode;
   pList->cLen++;

return 0;
}

遍历：

void showLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
LinkNode *pTmpNode = pList->pHead;

   while (pTmpNode != NULL)
   {
       printf("%d ", pTmpNode->data);
       pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;
   }
   printf("\n");

}

判空：

int isEmptyLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
return pList->cLen == 0;
}

尾插：
int insertTailLinkList(LinkList *pList, DataType data)
{
   LinkNode *pInsertNode = malloc(sizeof(LinkNode));
   if (NULL == pInsertNode)
   {
       perror("fail to malloc");
       return -1;
   }
   pInsertNode->data = data;
   pInsertNode->pNext = NULL;

   if (isEmptyLinkList(pList))
   {
       pList->pHead = pInsertNode;
   }
   else
   {
       LinkNode *pTmpNode = pList->pHead;
       while (pTmpNode->pNext != NULL)
       {
           pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;
       }
       pTmpNode->pNext = pInsertNode;
   }
   pList->cLen++;

return 0;
}

头删:

int deleteHeadLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
   if (isEmptyLinkList(pList))
   {
       return 0;
   }

   LinkNode *pFreeNode = pList->pHead;
   pList->pHead = pFreeNode->pNext;
   free(pFreeNode);
   pList->cLen--;

return 0;
}

尾删：

int deleteTailLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
   if (isEmptyLinkList(pList))
   {
       return 0;
   }
   else if (1 == pList->cLen)
   {
       deleteHeadLinkList(pList);
   }
   else
   {
       LinkNode *pTmpNode = pList->pHead;
       while (pTmpNode->pNext->pNext != NULL)
       {
           pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;
       }
       free(pTmpNode->pNext);
       pTmpNode->pNext = NULL;
       pList->cLen--;
   }

return 0;
}

查找单链表的某个节点：

LinkNode *findLinkList(LinkList *pList, DataType findData)
{
LinkNode *pTmpNode = pList->pHead;

   while (pTmpNode != NULL)
   {
       if (pTmpNode->data == findData)
       {
           return pTmpNode;
       }
       pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;
   }

return NULL;
}

单链表反转：

int reverseLinkList(LinkList *pList, DataType oldData, DataType newData)
{
   LinkNode *pTmpNode = NULL;
   while ((pTmpNode = findLinkList(pList, oldData)) != NULL)
   {
       pTmpNode->data = newData;
   }

   return 0;
}

销毁链表：

void destroyLinkList(LinkList **ppList)
{
   while ((*ppList)->pHead != NULL)
   {
       deleteHeadLinkList(*ppList);
   }
   free(*ppList);
   *ppList = NULL;

}

LinkNode *findMidLinkNode(LinkList *pList)
{
LinkNode *pFast = pList->pHead;
LinkNode *pSlow = pFast;

   while (pFast != NULL)
   {
       pFast = pFast->pNext;
       if (NULL == pFast)
       {
           break;
       }
       pFast = pFast->pNext;
       pSlow = pSlow->pNext;
   }

return pSlow;
}

LinkNode *findLastKNode(LinkList *pList, int K)
{
   LinkNode *pFast = pList->pHead;
   LinkNode *pSlow = pFast;
   int i = 0;
   for (; i < K; i++)
   {
       pFast = pFast->pNext;
   }
   while (pFast != NULL)
   {
       pFast = pFast->pNext;
       pSlow = pSlow->pNext;
   }

return pSlow;
}

int deletePointNode(LinkList *pList, DataType deleteData)
{
LinkNode *pPreNode = pList->pHead;
LinkNode *pFreeNode = pList->pHead;

   while (pFreeNode != NULL)
   {
       if (pFreeNode->data == deleteData)
       {
           if (pPreNode == pFreeNode)
           {
               pList->pHead = pFreeNode->pNext;
               free(pFreeNode);
               pPreNode = pList->pHead;
               pFreeNode = pList->pHead;
           }
           else
           {
               pPreNode->pNext = pFreeNode->pNext;
               free(pFreeNode);
               pFreeNode = pPreNode->pNext;
           }
           pList->cLen--;
       }
       else
       {
           pPreNode = pFreeNode;
           pFreeNode = pFreeNode->pNext;
       }
   }

return 1;
}

void invertLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
   LinkNode *pTmpNode = pList->pHead;
   LinkNode *pInsertNode = NULL;

   pList->pHead = NULL;
   while (pTmpNode != NULL)
   {
       pInsertNode = pTmpNode;
       pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;

       pInsertNode->pNext = pList->pHead;
       pList->pHead = pInsertNode;
   }

   return ;
}

链表排序：

void sortLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
   //链表为空或只有一个节点不需要排序
   if (isEmptyLinkList(pList) || 1 == pList->cLen)
   {
       return ;
   }
   //保存第二个节点并且从第一个节点后断开
   LinkNode *pInsertNode = NULL;
   LinkNode *pTmpNode = pList->pHead->pNext;
   pList->pHead->pNext = NULL;

   while (pTmpNode != NULL)
   {
       //找到要插入的节点
       pInsertNode = pTmpNode;
       pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;

       //判断是否需要头插
       if (pInsertNode->data < pList->pHead->data)
       {
           //头插
           pInsertNode->pNext = pList->pHead;
           pList->pHead = pInsertNode;
       }
       else
       {
           //寻找插入位置
           LinkNode *p = pList->pHead;
           while (p->pNext != NULL && p->pNext->data < pInsertNode->data)
           {
               p = p->pNext;
           }
           //节点插入
           pInsertNode->pNext = p->pNext;
           p->pNext = pInsertNode;
       }
   }
}

int isLoopLinkList(LinkList *pList)
{
LinkNode *pFast = pList->pHead;
LinkNode *pSlow = pList->pHead;

   while (pFast != NULL)
   {
       pFast = pFast->pNext;
       if (NULL == pFast)
       {
           return 0;
       }
       if (pSlow == pFast)
       {
           return 1;
       }
       pFast = pFast->pNext;
       pSlow = pSlow->pNext;
       if (pFast == pSlow)
       {
           return 1;
       }
   }
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
   LinkList *pList = NULL;
   LinkNode *pTmpNode = NULL;

pList = createLinkList();

//   insertHeadLinkList(pList, 1);
   insertHeadLinkList(pList, 2);
   insertHeadLinkList(pList, 3);
   insertHeadLinkList(pList, 4);

   insertTailLinkList(pList, 5);
   insertTailLinkList(pList, 3);
   insertTailLinkList(pList, 3);
   insertTailLinkList(pList, 3);
   insertTailLinkList(pList, 3);
   insertTailLinkList(pList, 3);
   insertTailLinkList(pList, 3);

showLinkList(pList);
#if 0
deleteHeadLinkList(pList);

deleteTailLinkList(pList);

showLinkList(pList);

   pTmpNode = findLinkList(pList, 3);
   if (pTmpNode != NULL)
   {
       printf("find %d\n", pTmpNode->data);
   }
   else
   {
       printf("not find\n");
   }

   reverseLinkList(pList, 3, 10);
   showLinkList(pList);
#endif

   pTmpNode = findMidLinkNode(pList);
   printf("mid node = %d\n", pTmpNode->data);

   pTmpNode = findLastKNode(pList, 3);
   printf("last K node = %d\n", pTmpNode->data);
#if 0
   deletePointNode(pList, 3);
   showLinkList(pList);

   invertLinkList(pList);
   showLinkList(pList);

sortLinkList(pList);
showLinkList(pList);

// destroyLinkList(&pList);
#endif

   //构造环形链表
   pTmpNode = pList->pHead;
   while (pTmpNode->pNext != NULL)
   {
       pTmpNode = pTmpNode->pNext;
   }
   pTmpNode->pNext = pList->pHead->pNext->pNext->pNext->pNext;

   if (isLoopLinkList(pList))
   {
       printf("is loop link.\n");
   }
   else
   {
       printf("is not loop link.\n");
   }

return 0;
}

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